Cognates

[Homine.Sardu]

mandria (herd of animals)
mandra (animal pen)

from Latin and Greek "mandra" (herd or animal pen)

P.S.

From the noun "mandra" the Latin-speaking Sardinians coined the verb "In Mandrare", in current Sardinian "Immandrare or Ismandrare" (to close in). From the same root there is also the adjective "Mandrone" (lazy, lazybones). Literally the adjective "Mandrone" could be translated as "someone who spends his time locked up" (doing nothing); with centuries this adjective has become a synonymous of "lazy, lazybones".

[linguoboy]

Two words I'm surprised to find are not cognates: quail (n.) and quail (v.).

I'd always assumed the verb was derived from the noun (i.e. "acting in a way similar to a small skittish game bird") but they're from entirely distinct sources. The noun is an onomatopoeia coloured by the PIE root for "quail" and thus related to German Wachtel, Ancient Greek ὄρτυξ, etc. The verb, on the other hand, is from PGmc *kwelaną "suffer" and, thus, is cognate to German quälen "torture", Swedish kvälja "arraign", etc.

[linguoboy]

Here's an unexpected pair: Catalan ble "wick" and Welsh blaidd "wolf".

Supposedly the connexion is the white mullein (Verbascum lychnitis, a plant whose leaves could be made into candle wicks and which also goes under the name of "wolf's tail". (Cf. Spanish gordolobo "mullein", which is considered a corruption of Andalusian codalupo < VL cauda(m) lupi.)

[vijayjohn]

Telugu has borrowed so many words from Hindi/Urdu it's even ended up borrowing [z] from it (and the whole [z] ~ [d͡ʒ] alternation).

روز roz - day
روز roz/roj - day
రోజు rōzu/rōju - day

[IpseDixit]

The word for "today" in many languages of northern Italy comes from Latin hanc horam (this hour). (e.g: Venetian: ancò, Ladin: anché, Ligurian: ancheu, Piedmontese: ancheuj).

From hanc horam Italian got ancora (still/yet) and according to some sources, from ancora we got anche (also), although I kind of struggle to see the logic that got us from "still" to "also".

[vijayjohn]

Can't ancora and anche both mean 'even'?

[IpseDixit]

Can't ancora and anche both mean 'even'?

Nope.

"Even" would be persino/perfino or addirittura.

[IpseDixit]

Can't ancora and anche both mean 'even'?

Nope.

"Even" would be persino/perfino or addirittura.

It just dawned on me that yeah, there is (at least) one instance where "even" is translated as ancora, namely: even more---> ancora di più. I can't really think of other ones though.

[vijayjohn]

The Wiktionary entry for ancora (in English) says:

5. even
Ancor(a) meglio che sia così!
It's even better if it is so!
Synonyms: addirittura, anche, perfino, persino, pure, finanche

EDIT: Well, okay, I guess that's basically what you were saying.

But still...is it still hard to see how ancora and anche might be semantically related?

[linguoboy]

siec
seic

These are both obviously borrowings of English cheque. The amusing transposition of vowels stems from the quirks of their respective orthographies: <i> is the only vowel which indicates palatalisation of <s> in Welsh so it needs to be inserted here before <e>. Both <e> and <i> are palatal vowels in Irish ("slender" or "caol" in native terminology) but for some reason <e> alone isn't sufficient to indicate a following consonant is palatalised in Modern Irish so an <i> needs to be inserted after it.

What I find particularly confusing, however, are the gender assignments. Masculine is the unmarked gender in Welsh so I would expect siec to be masculine. It isn't, though, it's feminine and I have no idea why. Meanwhile, I would expect seic to be feminine since almost all words ending in a slender consonant in Irish are, but it's not, it's masculine!

[linguoboy]

Despite knowing both words for ages, I never made the connexion that Welsh yfory and Irish amárach were cognates. The link between yfory and bore "morning" is pretty obvious, but the corresponding Irish word bárach is archaic, so it never occurred to me that amárach represents a respelling of i mbárach (lit. "in morning").

[vijayjohn]

اوان avân - time, season
أوان ʾawān - time

This is a word borrowed from Persian into Arabic, not the other way around.

[Ciarán12]

manjericão
basil

Both from Latin basilicum.

[Linguaphile]

Looks like I posted these in the wrong thread a while back , so I'll add them here:

illos beautiful
illos vicious, malicious, lewd
ilo joy, happiness
ilo funny, odd
from Proto-Finnic *ilo

linna castle, fortress
linna city, town
from Proto-Finnic *litna

kannatus suffering
kannatus support
from Proto-Finnic *kanta

kauńiž beautiful
kauniz red
from Proto-Finnic *kaunis

tanner battlefield
tanner flat open land
tanner dry meadow
from Proto-Finnic *tanter

inehmiin person/human
inehmoi lazy/inept person
inahmoi woman
from Proto-Finnic *inhiminen

kietkâm cradleboard
kätkema to cover
кекшемс (kekšems) to hide
tšätšö (k > tš) storeroom, cache
from Proto-Finno-Permic *käčke

[Linguaphile]

вöр forest
vuori mountain
vaerie treeless mountain
orr nose
from Proto-Uralic *wëre

putki tube, pipe
почко roll, coil
batsko flower stalk
пудо spinal cord
from Proto-Uralic *pučki

vaim spirit
vaimo wife
váibmu heart
вайме breath
вем brain
from Proto-Uralic *wajŋe

löyly sauna steam
levlo vapor, smell
лили breathe
lélek ghost, evil spirit
from Proto-Uralic *lewle

puhua to speak
puhua to snort
puhhuua to breathe
puhuda to cast a spell
puhuma to blow
possoođ to inflate
поассэ to swell up
puški̮ to puff
from Proto-Uralic *puše

[Ciarán12]

alimária - beast, animal
animal - animal

I think it's interesting that there's an example of metathesis but also the original form has stayed intact as a separate lexeme.

[Osias]

alimária - beast, animal

Nunca vi essa palavra em mais de 40 anos, acho que nem o Michel Temer usa.

Mas enfim, tá aí...

[Ciarán12]

Nunca vi essa palavra em mais de 40 anos, acho que nem o Michel Temer usa.

Mas enfim, tá aí...

Não lembro onde foi que eu encontrei, provavelmente num livro de Paulo Coelho. Ele tem a tendência de usar palavras incomuns, muitas vezes é terminologia religiosa ou da área de mágica. Além disso, alguns dos livros dele que eu li eram "traduções" em português de Portugal (que são mais fáceis achar aqui as vezes), talvez seja uma palavra mais comum lá em Portugal.

[Osias]

Além disso, alguns dos livros dele que eu li eram "traduções" em português de Portugal

Quê.

I don't even.

[OldBoring]

It's a well-known fact that Paulo Coelho's books are "translated" into Portuguese Portuguese for the Portugal's market. I'm surprised Osias is surprised.