Uralic
– Permic
–– Udmurt
–– Komi
––– Komi-Permyak
––– Komi-Zyrian
Resources (thanks for all additions!)
Dictionaries
Estonian - Komi-Zyrian (eki.ee)
Finnish - Komi-Zyrian (kyv.oahpa.no)
Komi-Zyrian - Finnish (kyv.oahpa.no)
Komi-Zyrian - Russian (fu-lab.ru)
Komi-Zyrian - Russian (komikyv.ru) *
Russian - Komi-Zyrian (fu-lab.ru)
Russian - Komi-Zyrian (komikyv.ru) *
* with audio, declension and conjugation tables
Other resources
Conversational phrases, basic expressions (Russian–Komi) *
Видза олан, коми кыв – Komi lessons in Russian
Сёрнитам комиӧн – Komi lessons in Russian
Basic course
More resources in Russian
* with audio
Resources for other Uralic languages
Grammar:
Consonant alternations (this post)
Nouns (this post)
– Plural (this post)
– Possessive suffixes (this post)
– Cases: suffixes (this post)
– Cases: use
–– nominative
–– genitive, ablative
–– dative, accusative
–– instrumental, comitative, abessive
–– inner local cases
––– illative
––– inessive
––– elative
–– causative
–– outer local cases
––– approximative
––– egressive
––– prolative
––– terminative
– Some common nouns
Adjectives
– Some adjectives with antonyms
– Declension
– Comparison
– Some common adjectives
Numerals
– Cardinal numbers
– Ordinal numbers
Pronouns
– Personal pronouns
– Emphasized pronouns
– Interrogative pronouns
– Negative pronouns
– Indefinite pronouns
Verbs
– Conjugation of the verb 'to be'
– Conjugation (general)
– Conjugation of the verbs овны (to live) and локны (to come)
Vocabulary by topic:
Animals and birds
Parts of the body
Vegetation
Bodies of water
Example of case declension
Weather
Time-related expressions
Tools and materials
Some conversational phrases
Some videos about basic vocabulary:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nItUPQxxs9s
I'm trying to summarize a bit of what I found using some of the resources mentioned above. Any corrections and additions welcome!
Consonant alternations
There is no vowel harmony and no consonant gradation but in word-final position and before other consonants, some stem-final consonant clusters are simplified and some other consonants change. An example for the latter is the alternation of -л- and -в:
вöл- horse (stem)
> вöв horse (nominative singular)
> вöвъяс horses (nominative plural)
> вöлöн with/by/on a horse (instrumental)
кыл- language (stem)
> кыв language (nominative singular)
...
(The л-в alternation doesn't affect all dialects but it seems to be the norm in both written standard varieties of Komi, i.e. Komi-Zyrian and Komi-Permyak.)
Nouns: plural
The plural suffix of nearly all nouns is -яс. It is added to the nominative singular. Whether an additional letter is inserted, depends on the last letter of the nominative singular:
(1) If the last letter is a vowel or -ь (i. e. the 'soft sign' indicating palatalization), no additional letter is inserted:
керка house (NOM SG)
керкаяс houses (NOM PL)
чой sister (NOM SG)
чойяс sisters (NOM PL)
нывка (little) girl (NOM SG)
нывкаяс (little) girls (NOM PL)
кань cat (NOM SG)
каньяс cats (NOM PL)
велöдысь teacher (NOM SG)
велöдысьяс teachers (NOM PL)
(2) If the last letter is a 'hard' - i. e. non-palatalized - consonant (including the affricates -тш and -дж), the letter -ъ is inserted to indicate that despite the addition of the suffix -яс, the pronunciation of the nominative stem remains unchanged.
зон lad, young man (NOM SG)
зонъяс lads, young men (NOM PL)
ныв girl, young woman (NOM SG)
нывъяс girls, young women(NOM PL)
джыдж swift (apus apus) (NOM SG)
джыджъяс swifts (NOM PL)
The following nouns have a different plural suffix: -ян:
пи son (NOM SG)
пиян sons (NOM PL)
каньпи kitten, lit. cat son (NOM SG)
каньпиян kittens (NOM PL)
порсьпи young pig, piglet, lit. pig son (NOM SG)
порсьпиян piglets (NOM PL)
ошпи young bear, bear cub, lit. bear son (NOM SG)
ошпиян bear cubs (NOM)
чипанпи chicken (NOM)
чипанпиян chickens (NOM)[/size]
Most nouns can be used in the plural. Some exceptions and peculiarities:
Some nouns can only be used in the singular:
йöз people
бать-мам parents (lit. 'father-mother')
мичлун beauty (abstract noun)
гöльлун poverty
ва water
лым snow
With regard to hands, feet, ears and eyes, the singular tends to be used:
ки hand = hands
кок foot = feet
пель ear = ears
син eye = eyes
The plural can be used as a hint that there are more people involved than the person mentioned:
батьöяс my father (and others)
Unlike Russian and English, all nouns have a singular form, e. g. öчки = glasses (derived from Russian očki, but in Komi this word is in the singular; the plural can be formed regularly: öчкияс = (several pairs of) glasses.
Possessive suffixes
Possessive suffixes indicate possession and (in some cases) definiteness:
s=singular, p=plural
1=1st person, 2=2nd person, 3=3rd person
s1 вöлöй my horse
s2 вöлыд your (s2) horse
s3 вöлыс his/her/its/the horse
p1 вöвным our horse
p2 вöвныд your (p2) horse
p3 вöвныс their horse
Cases
NOM / nominative / именительный (use)
(no suffix)
s1 -öй
s2 -ыд
s3 -ыс
p1 -ным
p2 -ныд
p3 -ныc
GEN / genitive / родительный (use)
- лöн
s1 - öй-лöн
s2 - ыд-лöн
s3 - ыс-лöн
p1 - ным-лöн
p2 - ныд-лöн
p3 - ныс-лöн
ABL / ablative / притяжательный (use)
- лысь
s1 -öй-лысь
s2 -ыд-лысь
s3 -ыс-лысь
p1 -ным-лысь
p2 -ныд-лысь
p3 -ныc-лысь
DAT / dative / дательный (use)
- лы
s1 -öй-лы
s2 -ыд-лы
s3 -ыс-лы
p1 -ным-лы
p2 -ныд-лы
p3 -ныc-лы
ACC / accusative / винительный (use)
--, -öс
s1 -öс
s2 -тö
s3 -сö
p1 -нымöс
p2 -нытö
p3 -нысö
INS / instrumental / творительный (use)
-öн
s1 -на-м
s2 -на-д
s3 -на-с
p1 -на-ным
p2 -на-ныд
p3 -на-ныс
COM / comitative / соединительный (use)
-кöд
s1 -öй-кöд
s2 -ыд-кöд
s3 -ыс-кöд
p1 -ным-кöд
p2 -ныд-кöд
p3 -ныc-кöд
ABE / abessive / лишительный (use)
- тöг
s1 -öй-тöг
s2 -тöг-ыд
s3 -тöг-ыс
p1 -тöг-ным
p2 -тöг-ныд
p3 -тöг-ныc
CAU / causative / достигательный (use)
-ла
s1 -öй-ла
s2 -ыд-ла
s3 -ыс-ла
p1 -ным-ла
p2 -ныд-ла
p3 -ныc-ла
INE / inessive / местный (use)
-ын
s1 -а-м
s2 -а-д
s3 -а-с
p1 -а-ным
p2 -а-ныд
p3 -а-ныс
ELA / elative / исходный (use)
-ысь
s1 -сьы-м
s2 -сьы-д
s3 -сьы-с
p1 -сьы-ным
p2 -сьы-ныд
p3 -сьы-ныс
ILL / illative / вступительный (use)
-ö
s1 -а-м
s2 -а-д
s3 -а-с
p1 -а-ным
p2 -а-ныд
p3 -а-ныс
APP / approximative / приблизительный (use)
-лань
s1 -öй-лань, -лань-ым
s2 -лань-ыд
s3 -лань-ыс
p1 -ным-лань, -лань-ным
p2 -ныд-лань, -лань-ныд
p3 -ныс-лань, -лань-ныс
EGR / egressive / отдалительный (use)
-сянь
s1 -öй-сянь, -сянь-ым
s2 -сянь-ыд
s3 -сянь-ыс
p1 -сянь-ным
p2 -сянь-ныд
p3 -сянь-нысь
PRO / prolative (transitive) / (use)
-öд, -тi
s1 -öд-ым, -тi-ым
s2 -öд-ыд, -тi-ыд
s3 -öд-ыс, -тi-ыс
p1 -öд-ным, -тi-ным
p2 -öд-ныд, -тi-ныд
p3 -öд-ныс, -тi-ныс
TER / terminative / предельный (use)
-öдз
s1 -öдз-ым
s2 -öдз-ыд
s3 -öдз-ыс
p1 -öдз-ным
p2 -öдз-ныд
p3 -öдз-ныс