- Permic
-- Udmurt
-- Komi
--- Komi-Permyak
--- Komi-Zyrian
Resources (thanks for all additions!)
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Grammar:
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Vocabulary by topic:
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I'm trying to summarize a bit of what I found here. As I'm at least 99.9 percent sure that I'll make some mistakes, any corrections and additions welcome!
Writing system and phonology are explained in this Wikipedia article.
Consonant alternations
There is no vowel harmony and no consonant gradation but in word-final position and before other consonants, some stem-final consonant clusters are simplified and some other consonants change. An example for the latter is the alternation of -л- and -в / -l- and -v:
вöл- / völ- ('horse', stem)
-> вöв / vöv ('horse', nominative singular)
-> вöвъяс / vöv"jas ('horses', nom. plural)
-> вöлöн / völön ('[with/by/on...] a horse', instrumental)
кыл- / kyl- ('language', stem)
-> кыв / kyv (nominative singular)
...
(The л-в / l-v alternation doesn't affect all dialects but it seems to be the norm in both written standard varieties of Komi, i.e. Komi-Zyrian and Komi-Permyak.)
Nouns
Plural
Plural suffix: -яс / -jas
Preceding consonants are not palatalized ('softened'). As this contradicts the general pattern of palatalization, a 'hard sign' (ъ / ") is added, as in the example mentioned above:
вöв / vöv (horse)
вöвъяс / vöv"jas (horses)
Most nouns can be used in the plural. Some exceptions and peculiarities:
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Possessive suffixes
Possessive suffixes indicate possession and (in some cases) definiteness:
(s= singular, p = plural, 1 = 1st person, 2 = 2nd person, 3 = 3rd person)
s1 вöлöй / völöj = my horse
s2 вöлыд / völyd = your (sg) horse
s3 вöлыс / völys = his / her / the horse
p1 вöвным / vovnym = our horse
p2 вöвныд / vövnyd = your (pl) horse
p3 вöвныс / vövnys = their horse
Cases
NOM / nominative / именительный
(no suffix)
s1 -öй / -öj
s2 -ыд / -yd
s3 -ыс / -ys
p1 -ным / -nym
p2 -ныд / -nyd
p3 -ныc / -nys
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GEN / genitive / родительный
- лöн / -lön
s1 - öйлöн / -öjlön
s2 - ыдлöн / -ydlön
s3 - ыслöн / -yslön
p1 - нымлöн / -nymlön
p2 - ныдлöн / -nydlön
p3 - ныслöн / -nyslön
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ABL / ablative / притяжательный
- лысь / -lys'
s1 -öйлысь / -öjlys'
s2 -ыдлысь / -ydlys'
s3 -ыслысь / -yslys'
p1 -нымлысь / -nymlys'
p2 -ныдлысь / -nydlys'
p3 -ныcлысь / -nyslys'
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DAT / dative / дательный
- лы / -ly
s1 -öйлы / -öjly
s2 -ыдлы / -ydly
s3 -ыслы / -ysly
p1 -нымлы / -nymly
p2 -ныдлы / -nydly
p3 -ныcлы / -nysly
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ACC / accusative / винительный
--, -öс / --, -ös
s1 -öс / -ös
s2 -тö / -tö
s3 -сö / -sö
p1 -нымöс / -nymös
p2 -нытö / -nytö
p3 -нысö / -nysö
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INS / instrumental / творительный
-öн / -ön
s1 -нам / -nam
s2 -над / -nad
s3 -нас / -nas
p1 -наным / -nanym
p2 -наныд / -nanyd
p3 -наныс / -nanys
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COM / comitative / соединительный
-кöд / -köd
s1 -öйкöд / -öjköd
s2 -ыдкöд / -ydköd
s3 -ыскöд / -ysköd
p1 -нымкöд / -nymköd
p2 -ныдкöд / -nydköd
p3 -ныcкöд / -nysköd
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ABE / abessive / лишительный
- тöг / -tög
s1 -öйтöг / -öjtög
s2 -тöгыд / -tögyd
s3 -тöгыс / -tögys
p1 -тöгным / -tögnym
p2 -тöгныд / -tögnyd
p3 -тöгныc / -tögnys
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CAU / causative / достигательный
-ла / -la
s1 -öйла / -öjla
s2 -ыдла / -ydla
s3 -ысла / -ysla
p1 -нымла / -nymla
p2 -ныдла / -nydla
p3 -ныcла / -nysla
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INE / inessive / местный
-ын / -yn
s1 -ам / -am
s2 -ад / -ad
s3 -ас / -as
p1 -аным / -anym
p2 -аныд / -anyd
p3 -аныс / -anys
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ELA / elative / исходный
-ысь /-ys'
s1 -сьым / -s'ym
s2 -сьыд / -s'yd
s3 -сьыс / -s'ys
p1 -сьыным / -s'ynym
p2 -сьыныд / -s'ynyd
p3 -сьыныс / -s'ynys
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ILL / illative / вступительный
-ö / -ö
s1 -ам / -am
s2 -ад / -ad
s3 -ас / -as
p1 -аным / -anym
p2 -аныд / -anyd
p3 -аныс / -anys
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APP / approximative / приблизительный
-лань / -lan'
s1 -öйлань, -ланьым / -öjlan', -lan'ym
s2 -ланьыд / -lan'yd
s3 -ланьыс / -lan'ys
p1 -нымлань, -ланьным / -nymlan', -lan'nym
p2 -ныдлань, -ланьныд / -nydlan', -lan'nyd
p3 -ныслань, -ланьныс / -nyslan', -lan'nys
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EGR / egressive / отдалительный
-сянь / -sjan'
s1 -öйсянь, -сяньым / -öjsjan', -sjan'ym
s2 -сяньыд / -sjan'yd
s3 -сяньыс / -sjan'ys
p1 -сяньным / -sjan'nym
p2 -сяньныд / -sjan'nyd
p3 -сяньнысь / -sjan'nys'
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PRO / prolative (transitive) / переходный
-öд, -тi / -öd, -tì
s1 -öдым, -тiым / -ödym, tìym
s2 -öдыд, -тiыд / -ödyd, tìyd
s3 -öдыс, -тiыс / -ödys, tìys
p1 -öдным, -тiным / -ödnym, -tìym
p2 -öдныд, -тiныд / -ödnyd, -tìnyd
p3 -öдныс, -тiныс / -ödnys, -tìnys
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TER / terminative / предельный
-öдз / -ödz
s1 -öдзым / -ödzym
s2 -öдзыд /-ödzyd
s3 -öдзыс / -ödzys
p1 -öдзным / -ödznym
p2 -öдзныд / -ödznyd
p3 -öдзныс / -ödznys
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For comparisons with other Uralic languages:

