Cognate Game

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Ciarán12
Cognate Game

Postby Ciarán12 » 2018-07-28, 5:29

Rules:
Player 1 picks a word in a modern language and provides the proto form of it (it doesn't necessarily have to be the oldest possible form, for instance, you might trace an English word back to Latin, or you might trace it back further to PIE, you can decide).
Player 2 has to give another modern word in a different language that is a decendant of Player 1's proto word, then chooses another modern word from that language and provides its proto form for Player 3.

E.g.
P1: (en-gb) Bright < Proto-Germanic - *berhtaz ("bright")
P2: Proto-Germanic - *berhtaz ("bright") > (is) bjartur ("bright"). (is) eldur ("fire") < Proto-Germanic - *ailidaz ("fire")
P3: Proto-Germanic - *ailidaz > (cy) aelwyd ("hearth"). (cy) caer ("fort, citadel").
etc.

Note: Please give English translations for the modern words (and the ancient ones too, if possible).
Note II: In the event that someone provides a proto word that is not ancestral to any words in any other languages (to be avoided, if possible), the next player should provide another word in the same language as P1 which developed from that word, or failing that, choose another root word from the same language as given proto word, or failing that, just completely start afresh with whatever word in whatever language you like.
Last edited by Ciarán12 on 2018-07-28, 5:43, edited 1 time in total.

Ciarán12

Re: Cognate Game

Postby Ciarán12 » 2018-07-28, 5:37

I'll start us off:

(en-gb) wolf < PIE - wĺ̥kʷos

h34
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Re: Cognate Game

Postby h34 » 2018-07-28, 20:41

PIE *wĺ̥kʷos > (lv) vilks ("wolf")
(lv) acs ("eye") < PIE *h₃ekʷ- ("eye")

Ciarán12

Re: Cognate Game

Postby Ciarán12 » 2018-07-29, 8:43

PIE *h₃ekʷ ("eye") > (pt-br) olho ("eye")
(pt-br) palha ("straw") < PIE *pel- ("dust, flour")

IpseDixit

Re: Cognate Game

Postby IpseDixit » 2018-07-30, 14:20

Where did you find an etymological dictionary that goes back till PIE? I can't find anything for Italian.

Ciarán12

Re: Cognate Game

Postby Ciarán12 » 2018-08-01, 23:30

IpseDixit wrote:Where did you find an etymological dictionary that goes back till PIE? I can't find anything for Italian.


English Wiktionary has a good number of PIE roots and their various descendants.

h34
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Re: Cognate Game

Postby h34 » 2018-08-02, 19:54

PIE *pel- ("dust, flour") > (sv) pollen ("pollen")
(sv) träd ("tree") < PIE *dóru ("tree")

Source: Wiktionary

Ciarán12

Re: Cognate Game

Postby Ciarán12 » 2018-08-03, 18:06

PIE *dóru ("tree") > (ga) dearbh ("sure, certain")
(ga) scéal ("story") < PIE *sekʷ- ("say")

h34
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Re: Cognate Game

Postby h34 » 2018-08-03, 20:04

PIE *sekʷ- ("say") > (lv) sacīt ("say")
(lv) vārds ("word", "name") < PIE *werdʰh₁om ("word")

kevin
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Re: Cognate Game

Postby kevin » 2018-08-12, 13:26

PIE *werdʰh₁om ("word") > (is) orð ("word")
(is) haukur ("hawk") < PIE *keh₂p- (“seize”)

h34
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Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Cognate Game

Postby h34 » 2018-08-12, 21:35

PIE *keh₂p- (“seize”) > (sv) häva ("to lift")
(sv) orka ("to have the energy/stamina to do something") < PIE *wr̥ǵyéti ("to be working")

Linguaphile
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Re: Cognate Game

Postby Linguaphile » 2023-04-02, 16:30

PIE *wr̥ǵyéti ("to be working") > (vot) pürtšiä ("to seek, strive")
(vot) näteli ("week)" < Proto-Slavic *neděľa ("Sunday, week")

h34
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Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Cognate Game

Postby h34 » 2023-04-04, 14:17

Proto-Slavic *neděľa ("Sunday, week") > (uk) неділя ("Sunday")
(uk) сім ("seven") < PIE *septḿ̥

Linguaphile
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Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Cognate Game

Postby Linguaphile » 2023-04-05, 4:23

PIE *septḿ̥ > (mns) са̄т ("seven"; "week")
(mns) я̄ӈк ("ice") < Proto-Finno-Ugric *jäŋe

h34
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Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Cognate Game

Postby h34 » 2023-04-05, 17:58

Proto-Finno-Ugric *jäŋe > (mhr) иян ("icy")
(mhr) лу ("ten") < Proto-Uralic *luke- ("to count")

Linguaphile
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Re: Cognate Game

Postby Linguaphile » 2023-04-06, 5:32

Proto-Uralic *luke- ("to count") > (smi-smk) ло̄гкэ ("to read")
(smi-smk) лимм ("fish soup") < Proto-Uralic *läme ("broth")

h34
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Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Cognate Game

Postby h34 » 2023-04-07, 5:36

Proto-Uralic *läme ("broth") > (mhr) лем ("broth")
(mhr) кӱаш ("to cook, to boil (intransitive); to take shape") < Proto-Uralic *keje-

Linguaphile
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Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Cognate Game

Postby Linguaphile » 2023-04-07, 14:53

Proto-Uralic *keje- > (liv) kīedõ ("to boil")
(liv) tōvaz ("sky, heaven, storm") < Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwás ("god")

h34
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Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Cognate Game

Postby h34 » 2023-04-08, 12:23

Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwás ("god") > (lv) dievišķīgs ("divine")
(lv) puķe ("flower") < Livonian < Proto-Uralic *pučke ("hollow plant stalk")

Linguaphile
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Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Cognate Game

Postby Linguaphile » 2023-04-08, 15:11

Proto-Uralic *pučke ("hollow plant stalk") > (liv) riggõpuțkõz ("cornflower")
(liv) rīj ("threshing barn") < Proto-Finno-Permic *riŋeše


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