The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet (UPA), more properly called the Finno-Ugric Transcription System, was first used by Eemil Nestor Setälä in 1901 and can be used to transcribe Uralic languages and is used especially for transcribing pronunciation differences among dialects. It is also known as SUT (in Finnish: Suomalais-ugrilainen tarkekirjoitus; in Estonian: Soome-ugri transkriptsioon). UPA transcription is always written in italics.
Consonants:
Bilabial stops: p ʙ b
Bilabial clicks: p˿ b˿
Labiodental stops: p͔ ʙ͔ b͔
Alveolar stops: t ᴅ d
Alveolar clicks:t˿ d˿
Palatalized (dentipalatal) stops: ť ᴅ́ ď
Velar stops: k ɢ g
Velar clicks: k˿ g˿
Postvelar stops: k͔ ɢ͔ g͔
Palatalized (prepalatal) stops: ḱ ɢ́ ǵ
Bilabial fricatives: φ β
Labiodental fricatives: f v
Dental fricatives:ϑ δ
Alveolar fricative: ᴙ s ᴢ š ž
Palatalized (dentipalatal) fricatives: ś ᴢ́ ź š́ ž́
Velar fricatives: χ γ
Postvelar fricatives: χ͔ γ͔
Palatalized (prepalatal) fricatives: χ́ j
Alveolar laterals: ʟ l
Palatalized (dentipalatal) laterals: ʟ́ ĺ
Postvelar lateral: ᴫ
Bilabial trills: ᴪ ψ
Alveolar trills: ʀ r
Palatalized (dentipalatal) trills: ʀ́ ŕ
Uvular trills: ᴩ ρ
Bilabial nasals: ᴍ m
Labiodental nasals: ᴍ͔ m͔
Alveolar nasals: ɴ n
Palatalized (dentipalatal) nasals: ɴ́ ń
Velar nasals: ᴎ ŋ
Postvelar nasals: ᴎ͔ ŋ͔
Palatalized (prepalatal) nasals: ᴎ́ ŋ́
A small capital indicates an unvoiced sound or, in the case of the letters ʙ ᴅ ɢ, a partially devoiced sound.
A macron (ā) indicates a long vowel, but indicating this with a double vowel is also accepted.
Superscript letters (a) indicate a very short sound.
A rotated letter (ᴞ) indicates a reduced form. It can either be rotated 90° (ᴞ) or 180° (ᴲ).
There is much more to it, but I'm still learning!
Links:
Uralic Phonetic Alphabet at Wikipedia
Foneetilise transkriptsiooni ülevaade overview, in Estonian
Suomalais-ugrilainen tarkekirjoitus SUT
Suomalais-ugrilainen tarkekirjoitus overview in Finnish
Klaviatuuripaigutus soome-ugri transkriptsioonis tekstide sisestamiseks keyboard layout, in Estonian
Näpunäiteid tekstide lugemiseks overview in Estonian of a slightly modified version
A few examples:
le̮una "south"
hu·mmòɢ "morning"
nĭė̆ī̭ᴅ̄ᴬ "girl"
miśkᴉ̑nᴉ̑ "to wash"
pᴞ·ńᴅ́ᴢ̌́ö̭ "pine"
ŋàrŋū̬"ᴲ "nostril"