Cognates and semantic shifts

Linguaphile · Postby **Linguaphile** » 2022-09-22, 0:51

leem thin soup, broth

leemi thin soup, broth

leemi thin soup, broth

liemi broth, stock, brine

liemi broth

līem thin soup, broth, newly growing layer of tree bark

liimi' thin soup, broth

lem' thin broth, bouillon

лем (lem) thin soup, broth, slop (semiliquid food)

лем (lem) thin soup, broth, slop (semiliquid food)

лем (lem) fat

лем (lem) soup

лям (lӓm) thin soup, broth

lǟm soup, porridge

лимм (limm) broth, fish soup, meat soup

limm broth, fish soup, meat soup

лым (lõm) thin soup, broth, bouillon, fish soup

liõmm broth, fish soup, meat soup

liemâ broth, stock

liepma broth, stock

liebma broth, fish stock

liäbˈma meat soup

lé juice, gravy, liquid

leves soup

Linguaphile · Postby **Linguaphile** » 2022-09-22, 20:09

Proto-Finnic *neuvo
Proto-Saamic *neavvō

nõu advice, plan, container, dish

nõu advice, plan, tool, thing, part

nõv advice

nõvv advice, plan, tool, thing, part

nõvvo advice, resource, instrument

neuvo advice, resource

nevvo advice, equipment for catching fish

ńevvo advice, resource, instrument

-nevo in compounds: kenginevod footwear

neavva advice, admonition

nävvo tool, implement

neävv tool, instrument, utensil

neävvoo curse

niävvu instrument, advice

niävuh bed

Linguaphile · Postby **Linguaphile** » 2022-09-23, 3:46

Proto-Finno-Permic *riŋeše
Proto-Finnic *riihi

The Inari Saami, Baltic German, Russian, Latvian, and Swedish words are loans from Finnic.
It is also one of several possible etymologies for the name of the Latvian capital, Rīga.

rehi threshing barn

rihi dwelling, living room, room, threshing barn

riihi threshing barn, workshop

riihi threshing barn

riihi threshing barn

riihi threshing barn

riihâ threshing barn

riih threshing barn

rih threshing barn

rī threshing barn

ria wooden kilnhouse for drying corn

rija threshing barn, kilnhouse

рига (riga) threshing barn, rickyard

Riege threshing barn

рыныш (rõnõš) grain kiln, threshing barn

рымыш (rõmõš) kiln barn, threshing barn

иншыр (inšõr) threshing barn, threshing floor

Linguaphile · Postby **Linguaphile** » 2022-12-03, 21:28

latva treetop, tip, headwaters

latva treetop, headwaters

latv treetop, top of a plant, end of a branch

latv treetop, top of a plant, end of a branch

ladva treetop, row of grain sheaves when set out to dry

ladva treetop, onion top, scallion

ladvu treetop, headwaters

ladv treetop

ladv treetop, tip

ladv treetop

lä´dvv treetop

ла̄ддҍв treetop, top, summit

làdhvès brushwood, twigs

ladõv treetop, top of a plant, end of a branch

ladā treetop, top of a plant, end of a branch, tip, end

larˈve spruce with dense branches

larva treetop, tip, headwaters (Southwestern dialects)

Postby **Naava** » 2022-12-03, 21:41

Linguaphile wrote: larva treetop, tip, headwaters (Southwestern dialects)

Also in South Ostrobothnian, although you rarely hear it nowadays. The only time I've seen it has been some place names and the folk song Tuuli se taivutti koivun larvan. It also used to be lalva in Tavastian dialects and in some Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects as well as in Peräpohjola dialects (I don't know how much it's used nowadays there):

Linguaphile · Postby **Linguaphile** » 2023-03-08, 0:14

Proto-Finnic *roocci
likely from Old Norse Roþrslandi, old name of Roslagen

ruotsi Swedish

rootsi Swedish

rootsi Swedish; Lutheran

ruutś Swedish

rootsii Swedish

rūoţšli Swedish

roči Swedish

ruõcc Swedish

ruoŧŧa Swedish

ruotâ Swedish

рӯц Swedish; enemy

ruočči Swedish

ruočči Swedish, Finnish, Lutheran

ruoťš Swedish, Finnish, Lutheran

ruõšš Russian

ruošša Russian

ruošâ Russian

рӯшш Russian

роч Russian

ӟуч Russian

Note the Saami pairs (first the word meaning Swedish, then the word meaning Russian): Skolt ruõcc/ruõšš, Northern Saami ruoŧŧa/ruošša, Inari ruotâ/ruošâ, Kildin рӯц/рӯшш.

Some of these forms are primarily used in compounds, such as Veps Ročinma (Sweden) and Inari Saami ruotâkielâ (Swedish language).

The words above are also related to Old East Slavic русь (Rus) from which various words in non-Uralic languages meaning Rus, Ruthenian, and/or Russian are all derived - but in this thread I'm just focusing on the Uralic ones.

Finnic languages that use a word derived from the Proto-Finnic root *roocci for "Swedish" use a derivative of *venät for "Russian" (

venäjä,

vene,

vennää,

vennä,

venä,

veneäh,

vena,

veńa) from Old Germanic *winidaz, except for Livonian, which borrowed

krīevõz from

krievs.

Postby **Naava** » 2023-04-19, 20:46

Linguaphile wrote: рӯц Swedish; enemy

Oh... okay then. :lol:

For extra info, this is one of the words that originally had a /θ/ in Finnish. You can see it in Western dialects, where the language is called ruotti or ruatti; θθ > tt is a regular change.

Finnic languages that use a word derived from the Proto-Finnic root *roocci for "Swedish" use a derivative of *venät for "Russian"

Although it's somewhat rare, you can still hear people say in Finnish that someone speaks venättä instead of venäjää. I had wondered where the T came from, so thanks for telling me!

Linguaphile · Postby **Linguaphile** » 2023-04-19, 21:17

Naava wrote:
Finnic languages that use a word derived from the Proto-Finnic root *roocci for "Swedish" use a derivative of *venät for "Russian"

Although it's somewhat rare, you can still hear people say in Finnish that someone speaks venättä instead of venäjää. I had wondered where the T came from, so thanks for telling me!

Apparently it comes from Germanic *winidaz, meaning "Slav", making the word related to English Wend and its cognates.

Naava wrote:
Linguaphile wrote: рӯц Swedish; enemy

Oh... okay then.

Yeah, well, there were several rabbit holes in that list that I'm just not going to go down... I don't make these things up or endorse them, they just are what they are! :whistle: