Inner local casesILL / illative / -öINE / inessive / -ынELA / elative / -ысьКытшö? Where (to)? (Whither?)
> ILLATIVE
Зонка¹ пырö² школаö³.¹ boy
² go-3SG
³ school-ILL
= The boy is going to school.
Кöнi? where?
> INESSIVE
Зонка¹ велöдчö² школаын³.¹ boy
² study/learn-3SG
³ school-INE
= The boy is studying at school.
Кытысь? Where from? From where?
> ELATIVE
Зонка¹ петö² школаысь³.¹ boy
² come-3SG
³ school-ELA
= The boy is coming from school.
More about the inner local cases:
ILL / illative / -ö(1) Words in the illative case can describe an object towards which or into which someone/something is moving:
Ми¹ мунам² талун³ театрö⁴. ¹ we
² go-3PL
³ today
⁴ theatre-ILL
= We're going to the theatre today.
Асывъяснас¹ челядь² мунöны³ челядь садъясö⁴, школаясö⁵. ¹ morning-PL-
² children
³ go-3PL
⁴ kindergarten-PL-ILL
⁵ school-PL-ILL
= In the morning, the children go to kindergarten or to school
Таво¹ миян² челядь³ мунöны⁴ медводдза⁵ классö⁶.¹ this=year
² my
³ children
⁴ go-3PL
⁵ first
⁶ class/grade-ILL
= This year my children go to first class/grade (/start school)
Ми¹ мунам² талун³ театрö.¹ we
² go-1PL
³ this=day
⁴ theatre-ILL
= We are going to the theatre today.
(2) Words in the illative case can describe the time of an action:
Быд¹ асылö² найö³ котралöны⁴ час⁵ джын⁶ паркын⁷.¹ every
² morning-ILL
³ they
⁴ run-3PL
⁵
⁶
⁷ park-INE
= Every morning they run in the park (lit. 'into every morning')
Аскиа¹ лунö² лоö³ шоныд⁴ да⁵ кос⁶ поводдя⁷.¹ 'tomorrow-ish' (adjective)
² day-ILL
³ be-3SG
⁴ warm
⁵ and
⁶ dry
⁷ weather
= Tomorrow the weather is going to be warm and dry (lit. 'into tomorrow's day will be warm and dry weather').
Воысь¹-воö² Сыктывкар лоö³ мичаджык⁴.¹ year-ELA
² year-INE
³ be-3SG
⁴ beautiful-COMP
= Year by year, Syktyvkar is becoming more beautiful (lit. 'out of year into year').
(3) Words in the illative case can describe a profession someone is preparing for:
Митрей¹ ёртöй² велöдчö³ инженерö⁴.¹ Mitrej (male given name).NOM
² friend-POSS.3SG
³ study-3SG
⁴ engineer-ILL
= Mitrej's friend is studying to become an engineer (lit. 'Mitrej his friend is studying into engineer').
INE / inessive / -ын(1) Words in the inessive case describe where something is (situated) or where something is taking place:
Ми¹ олам² Коми муын³.¹ we
² live-3SG
³ Komi land-INE
= We live in Komi land.
Ошъяс¹, кöчьяс², ручьяс³ олöны⁴ вöрын⁵.¹ bear.NOM-PL
² hare.NOM-PL
³ fox.NOM-PL
⁴ live-3PL
⁵ forest-INE
= Bears, hares, and foxes live in the forest.
(2) Words in the inessive case can denote the time period during which something is going on:
Арын¹ лэбачъяс² лэбзьöны³ Коми муысь⁴ лунвылö⁵. ¹ autumn-INE
² bird.NOM-PL
³ fly-3PL
⁴ Komi land-ELA
⁵ sun=area-ILL
=In autumn, the birds fly from Komi land towards the south.
Тулысын¹ найö² воöны³ гортö⁴ бöр⁵. ¹ spring-INE
² they
³ return-3PL
⁴ home-ILL
⁵ (postposition, approx. "after", "past")
⁴ ⁵ (back) home
= In spring, they return home.
Воын¹ немыд², лунын³ югыд⁴. ¹ night-INE
² dark
³ day-INE
⁴ light, bright
= The night is dark, the day is bright (lit. 'in the night dark, in the day bright').
Сизим¹ часын² заводитчö³ "Öшкамöшка"⁴ телеуджтас⁵.¹ seven
² hour-INE
⁴ begin-3SG
⁵ rainbow
⁶ TV program
= At seven o'clock, the "Öshkamöshka" program begins on TV.
(3) Words in the inessive case can also describe someone's profession:
Лидя¹ нылöй² Визинын³ велöдысьын⁴ уджалö⁵.¹ Lydia (given name)
² daughter-POSS.3SG
³ Vizin (name of a town)
³ in Vizin-INE
⁴ teacher-INE
⁵ work-3SG
= Lydia's daughter works as a teacher in Vizin (lit. 'Lydia her daughter in Vizin in teacher works').
Митрей¹ ёртöй² уна³ во⁴ нин⁵ трактористын⁶ уджалö⁷.¹ Mitrej (given name)
² friend.NOM-POSS.3SG
³ many
⁴ year.NOM
⁵ already
⁶ tractor operator-INE
⁷ work-3SG
= Mitrej's friend has been working as a tractor operator for many years (lit. 'Mitrej his friend many year already in tractorist works').
ELA / elative / -ысь(1) Nouns in the elative case can describe something or someone moving out of of something:
Ручпиян¹ петiсны² вöрысь³. ¹ fox cubs "fox=kid".NOM.PL
² (they) came out
³ forest-ELA
= The fox cubs came out of the forest.
(2) A noun in the elative case can describe what something is made of:
Нянь¹ пöжалöны² пызьысь³. ¹ bread.ACC
² bake-3PL
³ flour-ELA
= Bread is baked out of flour (lit. 'bread [they] bake out of flour').
Шыд¹ пуöны² яйысь³, картупельысь⁴, шыдöсысь⁵, капустаысь⁶.¹ shchi (cabbage soup).ACC
² cook-3PL
³ meat-ELA
⁴ potato-ELA
⁵ grain-ELA
⁶ cabbage-ELA
= Shchi (cabbage soup) is made of meat, potatoes, grain and cabbage (lit. 'schi [they] make out of meat, potato, grain, cabbage').
Пызанъяс¹ вöчöны² пуысь³.¹ table.ACC-PL
² make-3PL
³ wood-ELA
= Tables are made of wood (lit. 'tables (they) make out of wood').
Миян¹ керка² бетонысь³, а⁴ орчча⁵ керка² изйысь⁶.¹ my
² house.NOM
³ concrete-ELA
⁴ and, but, whereas, while
⁵ neighbour(ing) (adjective)
⁶ stone-ELA
= My house is made of concrete, while the neighbouring house is made of stone (lit. 'my house out of concrete, but neighbouring house out of stone').
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