Komi-Zyrian (коми кыв)

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15
Komi-Zyrian (коми кыв)

Postby h34 » 2018-04-22, 23:36

Uralic
Permic
–– Udmurt
–– Komi
––– Komi-Permyak
––– Komi-Zyrian

Resources (thanks for all additions!)

Dictionaries
Estonian - Komi-Zyrian (eki.ee)
Finnish - Komi-Zyrian (kyv.oahpa.no)
Komi-Zyrian - Finnish (kyv.oahpa.no)
Komi-Zyrian - Russian (fu-lab.ru)
Komi-Zyrian - Russian (komikyv.ru) *
Russian - Komi-Zyrian (fu-lab.ru)
Russian - Komi-Zyrian (komikyv.ru) *
* with audio, declension and conjugation tables

Other resources
Conversational phrases, basic expressions (Russian–Komi) *
Видза олан, коми кыв – Komi lessons in Russian
Сёрнитам комиӧн – Komi lessons in Russian
Basic course
More resources in Russian
* with audio

:arrow: Resources for other Uralic languages

Grammar:
Consonant alternations (this post)
Nouns (this post)
– Plural (this post)
– Possessive suffixes (this post)
– Cases: suffixes (this post)
– Cases: use
–– nominative
–– genitive, ablative
–– dative, accusative
–– instrumental, comitative, abessive
–– inner local cases
––– illative
––– inessive
––– elative

–– causative
–– outer local cases
––– approximative
––– egressive
––– prolative
––– terminative

– Some common nouns
Adjectives
– Some adjectives with antonyms
– Declension
– Comparison
– Some common adjectives

Numerals
– Cardinal numbers
– Ordinal numbers

Pronouns
– Personal pronouns
– Emphasized pronouns
– Interrogative pronouns
– Negative pronouns
– Indefinite pronouns
Verbs
– Conjugation of the verb 'to be'
– Conjugation (general)
– Conjugation of the verbs овны (to live) and локны (to come)

Vocabulary by topic:
Animals and birds
Parts of the body
Vegetation
Bodies of water
Example of case declension
Weather
Time-related expressions
Tools and materials
Some conversational phrases

Some videos about basic vocabulary:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nItUPQxxs9s

I'm trying to summarize a bit of what I found using some of the resources mentioned above. Any corrections and additions welcome!

Consonant alternations

There is no vowel harmony and no consonant gradation but in word-final position and before other consonants, some stem-final consonant clusters are simplified and some other consonants change. An example for the latter is the alternation of -л- and :

вöл- horse (stem)
> вöв horse (nominative singular)
> вöвъяс horses (nominative plural)
> вöлöн with/by/on a horse (instrumental)

кыл- language (stem)
> кыв language (nominative singular)
...

(The л-в alternation doesn't affect all dialects but it seems to be the norm in both written standard varieties of Komi, i.e. Komi-Zyrian and Komi-Permyak.)

Nouns: plural

The plural suffix of nearly all nouns is -яс. It is added to the nominative singular. Whether an additional letter is inserted, depends on the last letter of the nominative singular:

(1) If the last letter is a vowel or -ь (i. e. the 'soft sign' indicating palatalization), no additional letter is inserted:

керка house (NOM SG)
керкаяс houses (NOM PL)
чой sister (NOM SG)
чойяс sisters (NOM PL)
нывка (little) girl (NOM SG)
нывкаяс (little) girls (NOM PL)
кань cat (NOM SG)
каньяс cats (NOM PL)
велöдысь teacher (NOM SG)
велöдысьяс teachers (NOM PL)

(2) If the last letter is a 'hard' - i. e. non-palatalized - consonant (including the affricates -тш and -дж), the letter -ъ is inserted to indicate that despite the addition of the suffix -яс, the pronunciation of the nominative stem remains unchanged.

зон lad, young man (NOM SG)
зонъяс lads, young men (NOM PL)
ныв girl, young woman (NOM SG)
нывъяс girls, young women(NOM PL)
джыдж swift (apus apus) (NOM SG)
джыджъяс swifts (NOM PL)

The following nouns have a different plural suffix: -ян:

пи son (NOM SG)
пиян sons (NOM PL)
каньпи kitten, lit. cat son (NOM SG)
каньпиян kittens (NOM PL)
порсьпи young pig, piglet, lit. pig son (NOM SG)
порсьпиян piglets (NOM PL)
ошпи young bear, bear cub, lit. bear son (NOM SG)
ошпиян bear cubs (NOM)
чипанпи chicken (NOM)
чипанпиян chickens (NOM)[/size]

Most nouns can be used in the plural. Some exceptions and peculiarities:

Some nouns can only be used in the singular:

йöз people
бать-мам parents (lit. 'father-mother')
мичлун beauty (abstract noun)
гöльлун poverty
ва water
лым snow

With regard to hands, feet, ears and eyes, the singular tends to be used:

ки hand = hands
кок foot = feet
пель ear = ears
син eye = eyes

The plural can be used as a hint that there are more people involved than the person mentioned:

батьöяс my father (and others)

Unlike Russian and English, all nouns have a singular form, e. g. öчки = glasses (derived from Russian očki, but in Komi this word is in the singular; the plural can be formed regularly: öчкияс = (several pairs of) glasses.

Possessive suffixes

Possessive suffixes indicate possession and (in some cases) definiteness:

s=singular, p=plural
1=1st person, 2=2nd person, 3=3rd person

s1 вöлöй my horse
s2 вöлыд your (s2) horse
s3 вöлыс his/her/its/the horse
p1 вöвным our horse
p2 вöвныд your (p2) horse
p3 вöвныс their horse

Cases

NOM / nominative / именительный (use)
(no suffix)
s1 -öй
s2 -ыд
s3 -ыс
p1 -ным
p2 -ныд
p3 -ныc

GEN / genitive / родительный (use)
- лöн
s1 - öй-лöн
s2 - ыд-лöн
s3 - ыс-лöн
p1 - ным-лöн
p2 - ныд-лöн
p3 - ныс-лöн

ABL / ablative / притяжательный (use)
- лысь
s1 -öй-лысь
s2 -ыд-лысь
s3 -ыс-лысь
p1 -ным-лысь
p2 -ныд-лысь
p3 -ныc-лысь

DAT / dative / дательный (use)
- лы
s1 -öй-лы
s2 -ыд-лы
s3 -ыс-лы
p1 -ным-лы
p2 -ныд-лы
p3 -ныc-лы

ACC / accusative / винительный (use)
--, -öс
s1 -öс
s2 -тö
s3 -сö
p1 -нымöс
p2 -нытö
p3 -нысö

INS / instrumental / творительный (use)
-öн
s1 -на-м
s2 -на-д
s3 -на-с
p1 -на-ным
p2 -на-ныд
p3 -на-ныс

COM / comitative / соединительный (use)
-кöд
s1 -öй-кöд
s2 -ыд-кöд
s3 -ыс-кöд
p1 -ным-кöд
p2 -ныд-кöд
p3 -ныc-кöд

ABE / abessive / лишительный (use)
- тöг
s1 -öй-тöг
s2 -тöг-ыд
s3 -тöг-ыс
p1 -тöг-ным
p2 -тöг-ныд
p3 -тöг-ныc

CAU / causative / достигательный (use)
-ла
s1 -öй-ла
s2 -ыд-ла
s3 -ыс-ла
p1 -ным-ла
p2 -ныд-ла
p3 -ныc-ла

INE / inessive / местный (use)
-ын
s1 -а-м
s2 -а-д
s3 -а-с
p1 -а-ным
p2 -а-ныд
p3 -а-ныс

ELA / elative / исходный (use)
-ысь
s1 -сьы-м
s2 -сьы-д
s3 -сьы-с
p1 -сьы-ным
p2 -сьы-ныд
p3 -сьы-ныс

ILL / illative / вступительный (use)

s1 -а-м
s2 -а-д
s3 -а-с
p1 -а-ным
p2 -а-ныд
p3 -а-ныс

APP / approximative / приблизительный (use)
-лань
s1 -öй-лань, -лань-ым
s2 -лань-ыд
s3 -лань-ыс
p1 -ным-лань, -лань-ным
p2 -ныд-лань, -лань-ныд
p3 -ныс-лань, -лань-ныс

EGR / egressive / отдалительный (use)
-сянь
s1 -öй-сянь, -сянь-ым
s2 -сянь-ыд
s3 -сянь-ыс
p1 -сянь-ным
p2 -сянь-ныд
p3 -сянь-нысь

PRO / prolative (transitive) / (use)
-öд, -тi
s1 -öд-ым, -тi-ым
s2 -öд-ыд, -тi-ыд
s3 -öд-ыс, -тi-ыс
p1 -öд-ным, -тi-ным
p2 -öд-ныд, -тi-ныд
p3 -öд-ныс, -тi-ныс

TER / terminative / предельный (use)
-öдз
s1 -öдз-ым
s2 -öдз-ыд
s3 -öдз-ыс
p1 -öдз-ным
p2 -öдз-ныд
p3 -öдз-ныс
Last edited by h34 on 2023-03-22, 21:35, edited 79 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-04-24, 21:49

Some common nouns

a

ав mind, spirit (авй-)
аддзысьӧм meeting
ай father
айлов man
ай-мам parents
акань doll
амысь plough
анбур alphabet
ань woman
ар autumn
арлыд age (e.g. of a person, ru 'возраст')
арöс year (of age)
асыв morning (асыл-)
асыввыв east (асыввыл-)
асыв-войвыв north-east (асыв-войвыл-)
асыв-лунвыв south-east (асыв-лунвыл-)

б

баб (paternal) grandmother
баба (colloquial) woman; wife
бадь willow
байдӧг partridge
баля lamb
бан face
бандзиб cheek
бать father
бать-мам parents
бекар cup
би fire
биава vodka
бипур campfire
бобув butterfly
бӧж tail
бурдӧдчантор medicine
бурдӧдчысь doctor
бурлун kindness, good(natured)ness
бурысь mane
быдмӧг plant
бус dust

в

ва water
вадор shore
вад (forest) lake
варыш hawk
вевт roof
ведра bucket
вежлӧг case (ling.)
вежон week
вежӧртас knowledge
вежӧс room; shed
вежсьӧм exchange
велӧдчӧм learning, studying, study, studies
велӧдчысь learner, student, pupil
велӧдысь teacher
вем brain
вен dispute, fight
вермӧм victory
верӧс husband
веськӧдланін administration
веськӧдлан котыр government
видз meadow
визь line
вина wine, vodka
вир blood
висьӧм illness
висьт story, tale
висьталӧм topic (of a story)

во year
вой night; north
войвыв north (войвыл-)
войт drop
войтыр people
воськов step
вотöс berry, berries
вöв horse (вöл-)
вöр forest
вöртас horizon
вöт dream
выв surface (выл-)
вый butter
вын power, strength

г

гаж happiness
гоб mushroom
гор sound
горт ouse
гос fat
гöгыль wheel; circle; disk
гöн feather
гöтыр wife
гут fly
гут-гаг insect(s)
гы wave
гым thunder, thunderstorm

д

дi island
дон price
дук smell, scent, flavour
дум thought

дж

джодж floor

дз

дзирд sparkle, glow, shine
дзоридз flower

е

ем needle
ен god
енеж sky
енэжтас horizon

ё

ёг rubbish, garbage, waste
ёнлун strength, quality
ёрт mate, friend, companion, comrade
ёртлун friendship

ж

жыр room

з

зарни gold
здук moment
зелля medicine
зеп pocket
зi wasp
зон young man, young guy
зык noise, dispute, hostility
зэр rain

и

ид barley
из stone
ин place

й

йи ice
йöв milk (йöл-)
йöз people

к

кага child
кад time, period
каля seagull
кань cat
кар town, city
кер log, beam, tinder
керка house
ки hand
кинь spark, sparkle
кодзув star
коз spruce, fir
кок leg, foot
кольк egg
кöдза sowing, seeding
кöин wolf
кöм shoes, footwear
кöр deer, reindeer
кöрт iron
кöч hare
ку skin
кутш eagle
кыдз birch
кымöр cloud
кынöм stomach, belly
кыр cliff
кырныш raven
кытш ring, circle

л

лайк ravine
лача hope
лöж lie
лун day
луна-воя day and night, 24-hour period
лунвыв south
лы bone
лыд number, (countable) amount
лым snow
лысва dew
лэбач bird

м

ма honey
майтöг soap
мам mother
меж sheep
мич, мичлун beauty
мой beaver
мойд, мойдкыв tale
мойдысь storyteller
морöс breast
морт man, human being
мöвп thought
мöс cow
му land, country, region; dry land; earth, soil; field, arable land
мужичöй man
мус liver
муслун love
мывкыд mind,reason, sense
мыж fault, guilt
мыш, мышку back (anatomy)

н

ним name
нинпу linden tree
нитш moss
ног way, method (to do something)
ном age (period); life
нöк sour cream
ныв girl; daughter (-в -л-)
нывбаба woman
ныв-зон youth, youngsters (lit. 'girl-boy')
нывка (little) girl
ныр nose
ныр-вом face
нэм age (period); life (= ном / nom?)
нюм smile, chuckle
нюр bog
няйт dirt
нянь bread

о

ов family name
оз strawberry
олöм life
от width
отсöг help
ош bear

ö

п

пань spoon
пар lip
пас sign
пекнича Friday
пелыс oar
пель ear
пельöс corner
пи son, boy
пинь tooth
поводдя weather
пожöм pine, pine tree
пом end
помка reason, cause, pretext
порсь pig
пос bridge, crossing; staircase
пöим ash
пöль (paternal) grandfather
пöра time (ru 'пора')
пöтка bird
пöч (paternal) grandmother
пу tree; wood, timber, lumber
пуктас / puktas = vegetable

р

рака crow
рака тöлысь March ('crow month')
рöмпöштан mirror
ру mist; mood
бур руын in a good mood
рудзöг (= сю?) rye
руч fox
рыт evening; west
рытвыв west (-в -л-)
рытвыв-вой(выв) north-west
рытвыв-лун south-west

с

сакар sugar
саридз sea
серам laughter
сёрни talk, conversation
син eye(s)
синвидзöдлас view
сись candle
сов salt (-в -л-)
сой arm
стеклö glass
стен wall
сынöд air
сьöлöм heart
сьылан, сьыланкыв song
сю rye
сю му rye field

т

теш laughter, joke
той louse
тош beard
тöв winter; wind (-в -л-)
тöдöм knowledge
тöлысь moon
туй way, road, path
тулыс spring
турун grass
ты lake

тш

тшак mushroom
тшыг, тшыглун hunger
тшын smoke

у

ув granch, bow, twig (-в -л-)
удж work, effort
улича street (ru 'улица')
ун sleep
ур squirrel

ф, х, ц

ч

чавкан (jack)daw (corvus monedula)
челядь child, children
чери fish
чой sister
чужöм person; birth

ш

шабдi flax
шайт ruble
шеп ear (bot.), head (bot.)
шер hail
школа school
шмонь joke
шöбдi wheat
шом coal
шондi sun
шоныд, шоныдлун warmth
шöр centre, middle
шöрлун Wednesday
шпынь smile
шув wind, whirlwind, storm
шуд, шудлун happiness, joy, fortune
шудтöмлун misfortune
шы phoneme, speech sound, sound of speech
шылад melody (lit. 'sound sequence')
шыр mouse

щ

ы

ыб hillock, upland, highland
ыджда size
ыж sheep
ылдöс space, area; system
ытва flood
ыштöм interest, motivation

э

эбöс strenth, power
эж surface, cover
эсысь silver
эрд forest meadow, wood glade
эскöм faith, trust, hope
этш character, temper
эштöм end, completion

ю

ю river
югдан light, daylight
югыд light, shine
юкöд section, partition, division
юр head
юркар capital city (lit. 'head city')
юрси hair
юсь swan
ютор(й) small river, stream
ютыр (political) party

я

яблöг apple
яг pine forest
яй meat

Sources: 1 2 3

⬆️
Last edited by h34 on 2022-01-09, 21:53, edited 22 times in total.

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-04-24, 22:58

Nice thread and great info, h34! Thanks!

I started looking through your vocab in search of close cognates with the Finnic languages I'm more familiar with, and found these:

вир / vir = blood: Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian/Veps/Ludic veri (meaning "blood")
вый / vyj = butter: Estonian/Votic/Ingrian või, Veps/Finnish/Ludic voi (meaning "butter")
ав / av = mind, spirit (авй- / avj-): Estonian/Votic aju, Finnish aivo, Veps/Ingrian aivod (meaning "mind," "brain" but not "spirit")
во / vo = year: Veps voź, Ingrian/Estonian voos, Votic voosi, Finnish vuosi, Ludic vuož (in Estonian voos does not normally mean "year" except in an agricultural sense such as an annual crop, etc. (= aastane viljasaak, vilja-aasta). In the other languages the word listed means "year" in the more standard sense of a 365-day period or calendar year.)

:D
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-04-25, 21:33

Linguaphile wrote: I started looking through your vocab in search of close cognates with the Finnic languages I'm more familiar with, and found these:

вир / vir = blood: Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian/Veps/Ludic veri (meaning "blood")
вый / vyj = butter: Estonian/Votic/Ingrian või, Veps/Finnish/Ludic voi (meaning "butter")
ав / av = mind, spirit (авй- / avj-): Estonian/Votic aju, Finnish aivo, Veps/Ingrian aivod (meaning "mind," "brain" but not "spirit")
во / vo = year: Veps voź, Ingrian/Estonian voos, Votic voosi, Finnish vuosi, Ludic vuož (in Estonian voos does not normally mean "year" except in an agricultural sense such as an annual crop, etc. (= aastane viljasaak, vilja-aasta). In the other languages the word listed means "year" in the more standard sense of a 365-day period or calendar year.)

:D

Thanks a lot! :)

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-05-06, 16:55

Here are some more (this is fun! :D ):

ай / aj = father: Estonian äi (meaning "father-in-law"), Finnish äijä (meaning "old man"), Ingrian äijä (meaning "grandfather")

коз / koz = spruce, fir: Veps kuź, Ludian kuuž, Võro kuuś, Finnish/Votic/Ingrian kuusi, Estonian kuusk, Livonian kūzõz (meaning "spruce, fir")

вем / vem = brain: Estonian/Livonian/Võro vaim (meaning "spirit"), Saami váibmu (meaning "heart")

вын / vyn = power, strength: Estonian/Võro võim, Votic võima, Ludic voim, Finnish/Ingrian voima, (meaning "power, strength")

йи / ji = ice: Livonian jei, Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian jää, Veps , Võro ijä (meaning "ice")

ки / ki = hand: Estonian/Finnish/Ingrian/Võro käsi, Veps käzi, Ludic käži, Livonian ke’ž, Votic tšäsi (meaning "hand")

кутш / kutš = eagle: Estonian kotkas, Finnish kotka, Votic kotko, Ludic kotke, Võro kodas (meaning "eagle")

лы / ly = bone: Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian/Ludic/Livonian/Võro luu, Veps lu (meaning "bone")

лым / lym = snow: Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian/Ludic/Võro lumi, Livonian lu’m (meaning "snow")

му / mu = land, country, region; dry land; earth, soil; field, arable land: Ludic mua, Estonian/Finnish/Ingrian/Võro maa, Veps maa, Livonian (meaning "land, country, region, earth, soil")

ним / nim = name: Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian/Võro nimi, Veps/Ludic ńimi, Livonian ni’m (meaning "name")

олöм / olöm = life: Finnish/Votic/Veps/Võro elo, Estonian elu, Livonian je’l (meaning "life")

порсь / pors' = pig: Võro põrss, Finnish/Ingrian porsas, Veps porzaz, Estonian põrsas, Votic põrzas, Livonian pūoraz (meaning "piglet, young pig")

пу / pu = tree; wood, timber, lumber: Veps pu, Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian/Ludic/Livonian/Võro puu (meaning "tree, wood")

син / sin = eye(s): Estonian/Võro silm, Veps siľm, Finnish/Votic/Ingrian silmä, Livonian sīlma, Ludic šilm (meaning "eye")

той / toj = louse: Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian/Võro täi, Veps ťäi, Ludic ťiäi, Livonian tej (meaning "louse")

тöв / töv = winter; wind (-в -л-): Estonian talv, Finnish/Votic/Ingrian talvi, Veps/Ludic taľv, Võro tal, Livonian tōla(meaning "winter")

тöдöм / tödöm = knowledge: Estonian teada, Finnish tietää, Ingrian tiitää, Ludic ťiettä, Votic täätää, Võro teedäq, Veps ťeta, Livonian tīedõ (meaning "to know")

туй / tuj = way, road, path: Estonian/Votic/Ingrian tee, Finnish tie, Ludic ťie, Veps ťe, Võro tii (meaning "way, road, path")

ун / un = sleep: Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Veps/Võro uni, Ludic uńi, Livonian u’ņ (meaning "sleep")

ур / ur = squirrel: Estonian/Veps orav, Finnish orava, Votic õrava, Võro orrav, Ingrian orraava, Livonian vȯrābõz (meaning "squirrel")

шыр / šyr = mouse: Estonian hiir, Ludic/Võro hiiŕ, Veps hiŕ, Finnish/Ingrian hiiri, Votic iiri, Livonian īr (meaning "mouse")

эскöм / èsköm = faith, trust, hope: Estonian/Livonian usk, Finnish/Votic/Veps/Võro usko (meaning "faith, belief")

There's also this pair:
ва / va = water: Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian/Võro vesi, Veps vezi, Livonian ve’ž , Ludian veži (meaning "water")
ма / ma = honey: Estonian/Finnish/Votic/Ingrian/Võro mesi, Veps meźi, Livonian me’ž , Ludian meži (meaning "honey")
Both are thought to be Indo-European loans, but very old ones. It's interesting to see the parallels in the sound changes.
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-05-11, 6:08

Thank you for these comparisons!

-------
Edit: some additions

Adjectives

Some adjectives with antonyms

ыджыд – ичӧт big, large – small
выль – важ new – old
том – пӧрысь young – old
бур – омӧль good – bad
бур – лёк good, good-natured – bad, evil
мича – мисьтӧм beautiful – ugly
югыд – пемыд bright – dark
паськыд – векньыд broad, wide – narrow
джуджыд – ичӧт, ляпкыд tall, high – low
джуджыд – ичӧт, ляпкыд deep – shallow
кузь – дженьыд long – short
ён, вына – жеб, слаб strong – weak
шоныд – кӧдзыд warm – cold
зіль – дыш diligent – lazy
сӧстӧм – няйт clean – dirty

Declension

Adjectives in attributive position do not decline for case and (generally) not for number either, e.g.:

гöрд¹ чышъян²
¹ red
² scarf
= (a) red scarf

гöрд¹ чышъянöн²
¹ red
² scarf-INSTRUMENTAL
= with a red scarf

Adjectives in predicative position do not decline for case either but they do decline for number. Plurality is marked with the suffix -öсь:

Тöвся¹ лун² дженьыд³.
¹ winter-, wintery
² day
³ short
= A winter day is short.

Тöвся¹ лунъяс² дженьыдöсь³.
¹ winter-, wintery
² day-PL
³ short-PL
= Winter days are short.

Comparison

The comparative is formed by adding the suffix -джык:

кузь long
кузьджык longer
вöсни thin
вöсниджык thinner
ён strong, powerful
ёнджык stronger, more powerful

The superlative is formed with the prefix мед- or the particle медса:

бур good
медбур, медса бур best
мича beautiful
медмича, медса мича most beautiful

Some common adjectives

а

абутöм poor, meager
авъя friendly, pleasant, polite
апастöм ugly
арлыда elderly
арся autumn-, autumnal
- арся поводдя autumn weather
артмытöм unfortunate, unsuccessful
аскиа tomorrow's, lit. 'tomorrowish'
асъя morning-, matutinal

б

баръёв crooked
биавиж orange
бобö nice
бордъя winged
бöб stupid
букыд cloudy
- букыд лун (a/the) cloudy day
бур good
- бур лун (a/the) good day (also used as a greeting)
бурджык better
быгыд pale

в

важ old; ancient
- важ керка (an/the) old house
ваувса underwater, submarine (adj.)
вевдорса upper
веж green
вежонса weekly
вежöра wise, reasonable, clever, alert
вежöртöм unwise, stupid
векни narrow
верстьö grown up
веськыд direct, straight; right, right-hand
виж yellow
визя striped
вогöгöрся annual, year-long
воддза fore, front- ; previous, preceding
войся nocturnal, night- ; northern
- войся кад night time
восьса open, clear (sky), cloudless
вося annual
вöрса forest-
вöсни thin
выль new
вына strong, powerful
вынтöм weak, powerless

г

гажа joyful, nice, beautiful, bright, fine
гажтöм joyless, sad
гожся summer-
гортса domestic, house-
горш eager, avid
госа greasy
гöгрöс round, circular
гöль poor
гöрд red
гырысь major, large, big

д

дась ready
дженьыд short
- дженьыд туй short road
джуджыд high, tall
- джуджыд керöс tall mountain
джынъя incomplete, non-exhaustive
дзескыд close
дзоля small
- дзоля керка small house
дзонь safe, unharmed
долыд cheerful, joyful
дон clean, neat, clear, translucent
дона expensive, dear
донтöм cheap
дошлöй skilful, artful
дыш lazy
дэбыд warm
- дэбыд ва warm water

e

еджыд white
- еджыд кыдз white birch
- еджыд лым white snow
емдон (made of) steel
енбиа gifted, talented
ермöг silk- , silky

ё

ёльк slippery (road)
ён strong, powerful, solid, firm, healthy
- ён тöв strong wind
ёсь sharp
- ёсь пурт sharp knife

ж

жеб weak, frail; sluggish
жугыль sad, unfortunate

з

зэлыд tight, stingy

и

изйöсь rocky, stony
ичöт small, little
- ичöт ю little river, stream

й

йиа ice- , icy
йöй stupid
йöла milk- , milky

к

карса city- , town- , urban
кельыд pale, light, bright
кид shy, unsociable
кизьöр rare
кокни light (not heavy)
кольквиж yellow, lit. egg-yellow (as opposed to биaвиж, orange, lit. 'fire/fiery-yellow'?)
коньöр poor
кос dry
кöрта iron
- кöрт туй railway (lit. 'iron way', cf. 'raudtee', 'rautatie', 'железная дорога')
кузь long
курыд bitter
куш bare, naked; bald; empty
кыз thick, fat; heavy
кымöра cloudy
- кымöра лун cloudy day
кымöртöм cloudless
- кымöртöм асыв cloudless morning

л

лада sensible, appropriate
ладтöм useless, dumb
лапыд humid, wet, moist
лёк bad, evil, angry
личыд weak, faint; free, spacious; generous
ловъя living, alive
лöз blue
лöнь quiet, calm
- лöнь поводдя calm weather
лöсьыд beautiful, appealing, pleasant, good
лукав stubborn
лунвывса south- , southern
лунея day- , daily
лэчыд sharp, abrupt
лякöсь dirty
ляпкыд low, short; small, fine; shallow

м

майбыр happy, fortunate (счастливый)
матiса close
медшöр main, head-, major
- медшöр бюро head office
- медшöр мог main task
мича beautiful, attractive
- мича гöлöс beautiful voice
- мича лун beautiful (/sunny) day
мольыд smooth
мувывса terrestrial; field-
- мувывса уджъяс (agricultural / farm) field work
- мувывса транспорт land transportation, overland transport
мудер clever
мукöд other, different, some; rest
муса nice
мыжа guilty

н

надз sluggish, slow
небыд soft, mild, gentle; loose
- небыд тӧв mild wind
негырысь modest, fine, small
неыджыд not big; small
- неыджыд кар small town
нор sad
нöгыль thick, dense
ныж blunt
- ныж пурт blunt knife
нэр weak; immature
нюдз flexible, supple
нютöсь muddy
няйт dirty

о

овтöм empty, uninhabited
- овтöм дук empty mind
- овтöм му uninhabited land
озыр rich
ойöса trong, powerful; healthy
олысь living
омöль bad, evil, wrong; ugly
ортсыса external; outer-
орчча adjacent, neighbouring; nearby
- орчча керка neighbouring house
ота wide, broad
- ота туй wide road
оттöм narrow
- оттöм туй narrow road

ö

öнтайся recent, latest
öталягъя rare; uneven
öтка lonely; only, sole
öткодь identical, equal
öткузя even, straight
öтторйöн whole, entire
öтувъя general, shared, common

п

пармаса forest-,
паськöма dressed, clothed
паськыд broad, wide
- паськыд туй wide road
- паськыд ю wide river
пельк clever, smart; crafty
пельтöм deaf
пемыд dark
- пемыд вöр dark forest
песласян washing-, laundry-
повтöм fearless, courageous
пожöм pine-
- пожöм вöр pine forest
позьтöм impossible
помса farthest, utter
поснi little, small, shallow
пöдса closed
пöлöс curved, crooked
пöрысь old
- пöрысь морт old man
- пöрысь нывбаба old woman
пöсь hot
- пöсь ва hot water
пöт sated, full (with food)
пу wooden
- пу керка wooden house

p

рам meek, humble, gentle, mild
розьöсь torn, ragged
роч Russian
- роч кыв Russian language
роч(му)(са) Russia(n) (lit. Russian land; referring to the country)
- Роч(му) Федерация Russian federation
- Рочмуса шайт Russian ruble
рöшкыд fragile, brittle, delicate
руа misty
руд grey
рыж weak, fragile
рытъя evening-
рытыв western, westerly
- рытыв тöв westerly wind
рытыв-вой north-western, north-westerly
- рытыв-вой тöв north-westerly wind
рытыв-лун south-western, south-westerly

c

свежöй fresh
семъяа family-
серöй grey
сёрся late
сиктса village-, rural
синтöм blind
сiм rusty
скöр angry; malicious, mean
сола salt-, salty
сотчан burning, to be on fire
статя well-proportioned
сук dense, thick; steep; frequent
сыв melted, partly melted
- сыв (partly) melted snow
сыла fatty, greasy
сьöд black; dirty
сьöдлöз (very) dark blue
сьöкыд heavy; difficult

т

талунся today's
- талунся газета today's newspaper
татчöс local
- татчöс олысъяс local inhabitants
том young
топыд thick, dense, firm
тошка bearded
тоштöм beardless
тöвся winter-
тöдса known
тöдтöм unknown
тöдчан noticeable, remarkable, perceptible
тöдчытöм invisible
тöла windy
- тöла поводдя windy weather
тöлыся moon-, lunar
тöрыт yesterday's
тувсов spring-
турунвиж green, grass-coloured
туяна capable, competent, efficient, sensible
тшап important; proud
тшем thick, dense
тшöг thick
тшöкыд frequent, dense
тшöтшыд blunt, even
тшыг hungry
тыдавтöм invisible, imperceptible
тыдалан visible
тырмöтöм insufficient
тыртöм empty
тэрыб fast, quick, swift

у

улi lower, bottom-
уль wet, damp

ф

финн, суоми Finnish
- финн кыв, суоми кыв Finnish language
финн-угор, финн-йöрга Finno-Ugric

х

ц

ч

чарöг (very) dry
чергöдöм miserable
чийöб small, fragile, brittle
чикля dirty
чикыш-кокыш restless, uneasy; careless, flighty
чир big, large
чоман lame; ill, sick
чочкöм quick, fast, swift
чöв quiet, calm, silent
- чöв вой silent night
- чöв сёрни silent conversation
чöскыд delicious
чужан native, home-
- чужан кар hometown
чукыша chubby, plump
чуркöс steep, high
чусыд dim, faint, pale

ш

шав light (weather-related), soft
шань polite, courteous, modest, unpretentious
швичкан sharp, sudden
шлюн sloping, inclined
шогмана suitable, valid, appropriate
шогсян sad, sorrowful
шодъя free, independent
шома sour
шондiа sunny
- шондiа лун sunny day
шоныд warm
- шоныд поводдя warm weather
шоч rare
шöриа general, joint, combined
шöрпöлöс middle
шöрса middle
шöръя middle (referring to time)
шуда happy, joyous
шуйга left (left hand)
шуркъялана quick,fast
шурыд agile, quick
шуштöм boring, uninteresting
шыа resonant; reounding
шыльыд even

щ

ы

ывлавывса outdoor-, street-; natural
ылiса far, distant, far away
ырган blowing
ыръяна obstinate, stubborn

э

эбöса strong, powerful
эбöстöм weak, powerless
эжа fat, thick, gross, bulky
эжöда roofed, indoor
эзысь silver
эльтчана bad
элясана sorrowful, unhappy
эма rich
эндöс carefree
эст Estonian
- эст кыв Estonian language
этштöм impolite
эштöдтöм unfinished
эштöм finished

ю

юан (for) drinking
- юан ва drinking water
югыд bright, light
югыдвиж light green
югыдлöз light blue
югыдруд light grey
юдорса river-, by a river
– юдорса кар town by the river
юмов sweet
юра-садя reasonable, clever, intelligent
юркарса capital (city)-
юрситöм bald, hairless
юртöм headless
юса river-

я

ягса forest-
ядрен strong, healthy
яр bright, shining

⬆️
Last edited by h34 on 2022-01-09, 21:51, edited 20 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-05-26, 6:21

Numerals

Cardinal numbers / ordinal numbers

1 öти, öтик / ӧтиӧд, медводдза
2 кык / кыкӧд, мöд

3 куим / коймöд

From 4 onwards, the ordinal numbers are formed regularly (cardinal number + -öд)

4 нёль
5 вит
6 квайт
7 сизим
8 кöкъямыс
9 öкмыс

10 дас
20 кызь
30 комын
40 нелямын
50 ветымын
60 квайтымын
70 сизимдас
80 кöкъямысдас
90 öкмысдас

100 сё
200 кыксё
300 куимсё
400 нёльсё
...

1000 сюрс

11 дас öти
12 дас кык
13 дас куим
...

21 кызь öти
22 кызь кык
23 кызь куим
...

:arrow: Numerals in other Uralic languages

⬆️
Last edited by h34 on 2023-01-12, 21:58, edited 5 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-06-24, 15:53

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

NOM / nominative / именительный
s1 ме
s2 тэ
s3 сiйö
p1 ми
p2 тi
p3 найö

Declension:

GEN / genitive / родительный
s1 менам
s2 тэнад
s3 сылöн
p1 миян
p2 тiян
p3 налöн

ABL / ablative / притяжательный
s1 менсьым
s2 тэнсьыд
s3 сылысь
p1 миянлысь
p2 тiянлысь
p3 налысь

DAT / dative / дательный
s1 ме(ны)м
s2 тэ(ны)д
s3 сылы
p1 миянлы
p2 тiянлы
p3 налы

ACC / accusative / винительный
s1 менö
s2 тэнö
s3 сiйöс
p1 миянöс
p2 тiянöс
p3 найöс

INS / instrumentalis / творительный
s1 меöн
s2 тэöн
s3 сыöн
p1 миянöн
p2 тiянöн
p3 наöн

COM / comitative / соединительный
s1 мекöд
s2 тэкöд
s3 сыкöд
p1 миянкöд
p2 тiянкöд
p3 накöд

ABE / abessive / лишительный
s1 метöг
s2 тэтöг
s3 сытöг
p1 миянтöг
p2 тiянтöг
p3 натöг

CAU / causative / достигательный
s1 мела
s2 тэла
s3 сыла
p1 миянла
p2 тiянла
p3 нала

INE / inessive / местный
s1 меын
s2 тэын
s3 сыын
p1 миянын
p2 тiянын
p3 наын

ELA / elative / исходный
s1 меысь
s2 тэысь
s3 сыысь
p1 миянысь
p2 тiянысь
p3 наысь

ILL / illative / вступительный
s1 (меö)
s2 (тэö)
s3 (сыö)
p1 миянö
p2 тiянö
p3 найöясö

APP / approximative / приблизительный
s1 мелань
s2 тэлань
s3 сылань
p1 миянлань
p2 тiянлань
p3 налань

EGR / egressive / отдалительный
s1 месянь
s2 тэсянь
s3 сысянь
p1 миянсянь
p2 тiянсянь
p3 насянь

PRO / prolative / переходный
s1 (меöд, метi)
s2 (тэöд, тэтi)
s3 (сыöд, сытi)
p1 (миянöд, миянтi)
p2 (тiянöд, тiянтi)
p3 (наöд, натi)

TER / terminative / предельный
s1 меöдз
s2 тэöдз
s3 сыöдз
p1 миянöдз
p2 тiянöдз
p3 наöдз

:arrow: Personal pronouns in other Uralic languages

Emphasized pronouns

These pronouns can sometimes be translated as 'I […] myself', 'you […] yourself' etc or Russian 'я сам', 'ты сам', …

NOM / nominative / именительный
s1 ачым
s2 ачыд
s3 ачыс
p1 асьным
p2 асьныд
p3 асьныс

Example: Сiйö ачыс тöдö.
= (S)he knows (it) himself (/herself).

Declension:

Interrogative pronouns

код?, кодi? who?
мый? what?
кутшöм? what kind of?
мыйсяма? what (kind of)?
кымын? how much, how many?
кымынöд? which?


Negative pronouns

некод nobody
нинöм nothing

Indefinite pronouns

Possessive pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns

⬆️
Last edited by h34 on 2022-01-09, 22:24, edited 4 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-07-21, 10:40

Verbs

Declension of the verb 'to be'

вöвны to be

s1 ме эм I am*
s2 тэ эм you are*
s3 сiйö эм he, she, it is*
p1 ми эмöсь we are*
p2 тi эмöсь you are*
p3 найö эмöсь they are*

s1 ме абу I am not
s2 тэ абу you are not
s3 сiйö абу he, she, it is not
p1 ми абуöсь we are not
p2 тi абуöсь you are not
p3 найö абуöсь they are not

s1 ме волi I was
s2 тэ вöлiн you were
s3 сiйö вöлi he, she, it was
p1 ми вöлiм we were
p2 тi вöлiнныд you were
p3 найö вöлiны they were

–––
* In the present tense, the copula is usually omitted but can be used for emphasis, e.g.:

Кодi танi эм? Who is here?
Сiйö талун эм? Is (s)he here today?

:arrow: for comparisons

⬆️
Last edited by h34 on 2022-01-04, 21:55, edited 5 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-07-22, 18:59

Conjugation

Infinitive suffix

Always -ны.

мун- go (stem)
мунны to go (infinitive)

After some consonants, -ы- is inserted:

вунд- cut (stem)
вунд-ы-ны to cut (inf.)

The infinitive minus the suffix is the stem for all other verb forms.

мун-ны to go (inf.)
сiйö мун (s)he goes

As usual, -л- changes to -в- whenever it is not followed by a vowel:

ол- live (stem)
ов-ны to live (inf.)
ол-ан you live

The inserted -ы- after consonants is deleted before other suffixes but preserved in the 2nd person singular imperative:

пуксь- sit down (stem)
пуксь-ы-ны to sit down (infinitive)
пуксь-ы sit down! (s2 imperative)

Present tense suffixes

s1
s2 -ан
s3
p1 -ам
p2 -анныд
p3 -öны

Future tense suffixes

s1 = present tense
s2 = present tense
s3 -ас
p1 = present tense
p2 = present tense
p3 -асны

1st past tense suffixes

s1 -и, -i
s2 -ин, -iн
s3 -ис, -iс
p1 -им, -iм
p2 -инныд, -iнныд
p3 -исны, -iсны

2nd past tense suffixes

s1 (-öма)
s2 -öмыд
s3 -öма
p1 (-öма)
p2 -öмныд
p3 -öмаöсь

The 2nd past tense is used to describe a situation in the past which the speaker didn't witness or observe personally. It is rarely used in the 1st person.

Present tense, negated

s1 ог + stem
s2 он + stem
s3 оз + stem
p1 огö + stem + -öй
p2 онö + stem + -öй
p3 оз+ stem + -ны

1st past tense, negated

s1 эг + stem
s2 эн + stem
s3 эз + stem
p1 эгö + stem + -öй
p2 энö + stem + -öй
p3 эз + stem + -ны

Imperative

s2 infinitive minus -ны
p2 -öй

⬆️
Last edited by h34 on 2021-12-19, 21:38, edited 2 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-08-07, 15:09

Parts of the body

юр head
юрси hair
кымöс плеш forehead
пель ear(s)
син eye(s)
синкым eyebrow
синлыс eyelashes
бан бок cheek
бандзиб cheekbone
тшöка chin
вом дор lip
пинь tooth
чужöм face
вом mouth
ныр nose
сьылi neck
голя throat
морöс breast, chest
пельпом shoulder
сой arm
ки hand
кимыш, килутш palm
гырддза elbow
чунь finger
пев thumb
водз чунь index finger
шöр чунь middle finger
нимтöм чунь ring finger
чаль чунь pinky, little finger
гыж nail
кок leg
кок пыдöс foot
пидзöс knee
коклябöр heel
кок пöк calf
кок чунь toe
гырк guts
сöн vein
сьöлöм heart
ты lungs
лоп spleen
мус liver
сюв intestine
рушку (гырк) stomach
кынöм рушку belly, abdomen
сöп gallbladder
вöрк kidneys
сюрса spine, backbone
вир blood
кучик skin
мыш back
ордлы rib

:arrow: for comparisons

⬆️
Last edited by h34 on 2022-10-01, 19:21, edited 4 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-08-11, 22:59

Vegetation

быдмöг(ъяс) vegetation
тундра tundra
тайга, парма taiga
вöр forest
лыска вöр coniferous forest
коръя вöр deciduous forest
пу tree
лыска пу coniferous tree
коръя пу deciduous tree
кыдз birch
пожöм pine
коз fir, spruce
тупу oak
бадь willow
пипу aspen
пелысь mountain ash, rowan
клён (= ru) maple
льöм bird cherry (prunus padus)
ловпу alder
яблöг (пу) apple tree
ниа larch
сус cedar
черешня (= ru) cherry tree
куст shrub, bush
тусь berry
пув lingonberry, cowberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea)
турипув cranberry (oxycoccus)
понпир, пончöд crowberry
сэтöр currant
турун grass
дзоридз flower
вуж root
вож, ув branch
чаль twig
кор leaf
коль cone
тшак mushroom

:arrow: for comparisons

⬆️
Last edited by h34 on 2022-10-01, 19:25, edited 3 times in total.

h34
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Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-08-26, 9:16

Bodies of water

öшмöс spring, well
шор stream
ю river
ю ворга river bed
юдор river bank
ты lake
ю-ты pond, reservoir ('river-lake')
бузган waterfall
ю вам river mouth
вадор shore, coast ('water bank')
куръя bay, gulf
саридз sea
гы wave
дi island
енэжтаc horizon

:arrow: for comparisons

⬆️
Last edited by h34 on 2022-01-09, 22:28, edited 2 times in total.

h34
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Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-09-02, 9:40

Examples of case declension of nouns

вöр forest

Singular
Plural

Nominative:
- вöр
- вöр-ъяс
Genitive:
- вöр-лöн
- вöр-ъяс-лöн
Ablative:
- вöр-лысь
- вöр-ъяс-лысь
Dative:
- вöр-лы
- вöр-ъяс-лы
Accusative (1):
- вöр
- вöр-ъяс
Accusative (2):
- вöр-öс
- вöр-ъяс-öс
Instrumentalis:
- вöр-öн
- вöр-ъяс-öн
Comitative:
- вöр-кöд
- вöр-ъяс-кöд
Abessive:
- вöр-тöг
- вöр-ъяс-тöг
Causative:
- вöр-ла
- вöр-ъяс-ла
Inessive:
- вöр-ын
- вöр-ъяс-ын
Elative:
- вöр-ысь
- вöр-ъяс-ысь
Illative:
- вöр-ö
- вöр-ъяс-ö
Approximative:
- вöр-лань
- вöр-ъяс-лань
Egressive:
- вöр-сянь
- вöр-ъяс-cянь
Prolative (1):
- вöр-öд
- вöр-ъяс-öд
Prolative (2):
- вöр-тi
- вöр-ъяс-тi
Terminative:
- вöр-öдз
- вöр-ъяс-öдз

:arrow: for comparison

^
Last edited by h34 on 2022-10-01, 19:32, edited 1 time in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian

Postby h34 » 2018-11-25, 20:13

Weather
Sources: 1 2 3

поводдя weather
бур good, nice, fine
бур поводдя nice weather, fine weather
Талун лоö бур поводдя. Today the weather is going to be fine.
шондi sun
шондiа sunny
кос dry
пöльтны to blow
тöв wind
небыдик тöв light wind
Пöльтö небыдик тöв. A light wind is blowing
ыджыд тöв, вына тöв strong wind
Пöльтö вына тöв. A strong wind is blowing.
сьыв storm
гым-чард thunderstorm
ру fog
сук ру dense fog
зер rain
зера rainy
зерö it is raining, it rains
тöв wind
кöдзыд it is cold
лым snow
лымъялö it is snowing
лымъя сьыв snowstorm
турöб blizzard

:arrow: for comparison

^
Last edited by h34 on 2022-10-01, 19:36, edited 1 time in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian (Коми кыв)

Postby h34 » 2018-12-17, 16:03

Time-related expressions

кад time

Тi удытанныд? Do you (2PL) have time?
Тiян эм кадыс? Do you have time?
Да, менам эм кадыс. Yes, I have time.
Ме удыта. Yes, I have time.
Ме ог удыт. I don't have time.
Кадыс абу. I don't have time.
lit.: There is no time.
Тi тэрмасянныд? Are you in a hurry?
Да, ме тэрмася. Yes, I am in a hurry.
Водз на. It is still early.
Сёр нин. It is already late.
Ме локта дзик пыр. I'm coming now.
Ме локта пырысь-пыр. I'm coming now.
дзик пыр just now, right now
буретш just now, right now
муртса на just now, right now
öнi now
Эг ас кадö. I'm not on time.
Эн ас кадö. You (2SG) are not on time.
Эз ас кадö. (S)he is not on time.
сы кадö at that time
мöдысь at another time
тшöкыда often
шоча rarely
корсюрö rarely
пыр always
век always
некор never

aсывнас in the morning
öбедöдз before lunch(time)
öбед дырйи at lunch(time)
öбед бöрын after lunch(time)
луннас during the day
лун шöрöдз before midday, a.m.
лун шöрын at midday
лун шöр бöрын in the afternoon
рытнас in the evening
войнас at night

Уна-ö кадыс? What time is it?
lit. How much time?
Кымын час? What time is it?
lit.: What/which hour?
Первой вылö джын. Half past twelve.
lit.: Half on/into the first (hour).

Дас кык час да джын. Half past twelve.
lit.: Twelve hour and half.
Коймöд вылö джын. Half past two.
lit.: Half on/into the third (hour).
Вит минуттöм кык. Five minutes to two.
lit.: Without five minutes two.
Дас минут коймöд вылö. Ten past two.
lit.: Ten minutes on/into the third (hour).
Кор заводитчас? When does (it) begin?
Кымын часын помасьö? When / What time does (it) end?
Кымын часын помасяс? When / What time does (it) end?
öти минут one minute
некымын минут a couple of / a few minutes
некымын час a couple of / a few hours

кык лун two days

дыр long (temporal)
недыр not long, short (temporal)

Кымын лун Тi оланныд танi? How many days are you here for?
дас лун ten days

Талун мый луныс? What's today's date?
lit.: Today what day?
Талун кутшöм луныс? What's today's date?
lit.: Today which (/what kind of) day?

Талун выльлун. Today is Monday.
Талун воторник. Today is Tuesday.
Талун серöда. Today is Wednesday.
Талун четверг. Today is Thursday.
Талун пекнича. Today is Friday.
Талун субöта. Today is Saturday.
Талун вöскресенньö. Today is Sunday.

тöрыт yesterday
войдöрлун the day before yesterday
аски tomorrow
аскомысь the day after tomorrow
некымын лун сайын some / a couple of days ago

войков day
midnight to midnight; ru 'сутки', fi 'vuorokausi'

тайö вежонас (in the course of) this week
локтан вежонас (in the course of) next week
тайö тöлысяс (in the course of) this month
колян тöлысяс (in the course of) last month
локтан тöлысяс (in the course of) next month

Талун кутшöм числöыс? What's today's date?
Талун кык сюрс дас кыкöд вося тöвшöр тöлысь витöд лун. Today is 5 January / January 5 2012.
lit.: Today (is the) 2012th year's midwinter month's fifth day.

Выль во New Year
таво this year; (in the course of) this year
мöйму (in the course of) last year
локтан воö (in the course of the) next year
Ме ола танi во. I've been living here for a year.
lit.: I live here (a) year.
кык во сайын two years ago
во мысти in a year
кык во мысти in two year's
во помын at the end of the year

тулыс spring
тулысын in spring
гожöм summer
гожöмын in summer
ар autumn
арын in autumn

кызь öтикöд нэм (the) 21st century

тöв шöр, тöвшöр January
lit. midwinter
урасьöм February
рака тöлысь March
кос му тöлысь April
lit. dry soil month
ода-кора тöлысь May
лöддза-номъя June
сора July
моз August
кöч September
йирым October, lit. cold wind
вöльгым November
öшым December

:arrow: for comparison

^
Last edited by h34 on 2022-10-02, 4:05, edited 6 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian (Коми кыв)

Postby h34 » 2019-01-24, 16:16

Declension of the verbs овны (to live) and локны (to come)

Infinitive:
ов·ны to live
лок·ны to come

Stem:
ол- before vowels
ов- otherwise

локт- before vowels
лок- otherwise


Present tense, affirmative:
s1 ол·а
s2 ол·ан
s3 ол·ö
p1 ол·ам
p2 ол·анныд
p3 ол·öны

s1 локт·а
s2 локт·ан
s3 локт·ö
p1 локт·ам
p2 локт·анныд
p3 локт·öны


Present tense, negative:
s1 ог ов
s2 он ов
s3 оз ов
p1 огö ол·öй
p2 онö ол·öй
p3 оз ов·ны

s1 ог лок
s2 он лок
s3 оз лок
p1 огö локт·öй
p2 онö локт·öй
p3 оз лок·ны


Future tense, affirmative:
s3 ол·ас
p3 ол·асны

s3 локт·ас
p3 локт·асны

(Otherwise identical with the present tense.)

Future tense, negative:
(All forms identical with the present tense.)

Preterite I (indicative), affirmative:
s1 ол·i
s2 ол·iн
s3 ол·iс
p1 ол·iм
p2 ол·iнныд
p3 ол·iсны

s1 локт·i
s2 локт·iн
s3 локт·iс
p1 локт·iм
p2 локт·iнныд
p3 локт·iсны


Preterite I (indicative), negative:
s1 эг ов
s2 эн ов
s3 эз ов
p1 эгö ол·öй
p2 энö ол·öй
p3 эз ов·ны

s1 эг лок
s2 эн лок
s3 эз лок
p1 эгö локт·öй
p2 энö локт·öй
p3 эз лок·ны


Preterite II (non-witnessed), affirmative:
s1 --
s2 ол·öмыд
s3 ол·öма
p1 --
p2 ол·öмныд
p3 ол·öмаöсь

s1 --
s2 локт·öмыд
s3 локт·öма
p1 --
p2 локт·öмныд
p3 локт·öмаöсь


Preterite II (non-witnessed), negative:
s1 --
s2 абу ол·öмыд
s3 абу ол·öма
p1 --
p2 абу ол·öмныд
p3 абу ол·öмаöсь

s1 --
s2 абу локт·öмыд
s3 абу локт·öма
p1 --
p2 абу локт·öмныд
p3 абу локт·öмаöсь


Imperative, affirmative:
s2 ов
p2 ол·öй

s2 лок
p2 локт·öй


Imperative, negative:
s2 эн ов
p2 энö ол·öй

s2 эн лок
p2 энö локт·öй


:arrow: for comparison

^
Last edited by h34 on 2022-10-02, 4:17, edited 2 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian (Коми кыв)

Postby h34 » 2019-02-27, 21:07

Conversational phrases

Чолöм! = Hi!
Видза олан! = Hello! (singular, informal)
Видза оланныд! = Hello! (plural or/and formal)
- видза < видзны = to take care
- олан = you live (2nd person singular)
- оланныд = you live (2nd person plural)
Бур асыв! = Good morning!
- бур = good
- асыв = morning
Бур лун! = Good morning/day/afternoon!
- лун = day
Бур рыт! = Good evening!
- рыт = evening
Бур вой! = Good night!
- вой = night
Бура узьны! = Good night! (Sleep well!)
- бура = well (adverb) < бур (adjective)
- узьны = to sleep
Став бурсö! = Bye-bye! / All the best!
- став = everything, all
- бурсö = (the) good (accusative)
Аддзысьлытöдз! = Goodbye! / See you soon!
- аддзысьлыны = to see/meet (each other)
Бур туй! = Bon voyage! / Have a nice trip!
- туй = road, way

Аттьö = Thank you!
Нинöмысь! = You're welcome! (replying to "thank you")
- нинöм = nothing

Уна-ö сулалö = How much does it cost?
- уна = much
- ö = interrogative particle
- сулал- < сулавны = to cost

асмогасянiн = toilet
лавка = store
автобуслöн сувтланiныс = bus stop

Тэ сёрнитан комиöн? = Do you speak Komi? (sg/inform)
Тi сёрнитанныд комиöн? = Do you speak Komi? (pl/form)
- тэ = you, 2nd singular, informal
- тi = you, 2nd plural
- сёрнитан(ныд) < сёрнитны = to speak
коми кыв = Komi language
- кыв = language
роч кыв = Russian language
удмурт кыв = Udmurt language
саами кыв = Saami language
суоми кыв, финн кыв = Finnish language
эстон кыв = Estonian language
татар кыв = Tatar language
англичан кыв = English language
франсуз кыв = French language
немеч кыв = German language
Ме ог гöгöрво. / Oг гöгöрво. = I don't understand.
- ог = I don't
- гöгöрво < гöгöрвоны = to understand

Мый тэнад нимыд? = What's your name? (sg/inform)
Мый Тiян нимыд? = What's your name? (pl/form)
- мый = what
- тэнад = your (2nd sg)
- Тiян = your (2nd pl)
Менам нимöй ... = My name is ...
Тэ кöнi чужин? = Where are you from? (sg/inform)
Кöнi тэ чужин? * = Where are you from? (sg/inform)
Тi кöнi чужинныд? = Where are you from? (pl/form)
Кöнi тi чужинныд? * = Where are you from? (pl/form)

Ме ог тöд. / Oг тöд. = I don't know.

---
* This word order seems to be more common.


:arrow: for comparison

^

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian (Коми кыв)

Postby h34 » 2019-09-27, 23:30

Animals, birds

Sources:
http://dict.fu-lab.ru/index.php/index/7.xhtml
http://dict.komikyv.ru/

(The forms in brackets appear before vowels.)

пемöс = animal
кодзувкот = ant
ош (ошк-) = bear
мой = beaver
мазi, малязi, малямуш = bee
лэбач, кай, пöтка = bird
бобув (бобул-) = butterfly
кань = cat
курöг, чипан = chicken
мöс = cow
тури = crane
рака = crow
кöк = cuckoo
кöр = deer
пон (понй-) = dog
утка = duck (Russian loan)
кутш, ыджыд кутш = eagle
йöра = elk, moose
чери = fish
гут = fly
руч = fox
лягуша = frog < Russian лягушка
кöза = goat
дзодзöг = goose
чирк = grasshopper
варыш = hawk
ёж = hedgehog (Russian loan)
вöв (вöл-) = horse
ен гаг, ен бобö = ladybug (details, comparisons)
ыбкай = lark
лев = lion (Russian loan)
дзодзув (дзодзул-) = lizard
катша = magpie
йöра = moose, elk
ном (номь-) = mosquito
шыр = mouse
сюзь = owl
порсь = pig
гулю = pigeon, dove
кролик = rabbit
кырныш = raven
петук, ай курöг = rooster < Ru. петух
(ай курöг = lit. 'father chicken')
каля = seagull
ыж, валя = sheep
кый = snake
пышкай = sparrow
черань = spider
ур = squirrel (also: kopeck)
сьöдкай, ябыр = starling
аист = stork (Russian loan)
чикыш = swallow
юсь = swan
чушкан, зi, чушканзi = wasp
кöин = wolf
вегыль, номыр = worm

:arrow: for comparison

^
Last edited by h34 on 2022-10-02, 4:28, edited 2 times in total.

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15

Re: Komi-Zyrian (Коми кыв)

Postby h34 » 2020-05-26, 16:37

Nouns

Use of cases

NOM / nominative / no suffix

Examples:

Тöв лыбис.
- тöв = wind (N)
- лыбис = rose, was rising
= A wind was rising.
= The wind was rising.

Шондiыс син ёрö.
- шондi = sun (N)
- шондiыс = his/her/its/the sun*
* possessive suffix indicating definiteness
- син = eye (accusative singular)
- ёрö = blinds, is blinding
= The sun is blinding the eyes.

Sometimes the nominative case in Komi corresponds to the partitive case in Estonian and Finnish. For example, after numerals the nominative singular is used:

кык вок
- кык = two
- вок = brother (N)(singular)
= two brothers

The nominative case appears before postpositions:

пызан вылын
- пызан = table (N)
- вылын = on (inessive)
= on the table

пызан вылысь
- пызан = table (N)
- вылысь = off (ablative)
= off the table

Two subsequent nouns in the nominative case can indicate a possessive relationship, the first noun being the 'possessor', the second noun the 'possession'. Depending on the kind of relationship, a genitive or a possessive suffix isn't always required:

мельник пи
- мельник = miller (N)
- пи = son (N)
= son of a/the miller
= miller's son

чикыш поз
- чикыш = swallow (N)
- поз = nest (N)
= swallow nest, nest of a swallow

Sometimes this kind of construction can be used where Estonian and Finnish tend to form compounds of two nouns or combinations of adjectives and nouns:

кöр сюр
- кöр = deer (Cervus) (N) (Estonian 'hirv')
- сюр = horn (N) (Est. 'sarv')
= antler (Est. 'hirvesarv')

In other cases, the first noun describes the whole, the second one a part of it:

пызан кок
- пызан = table, desk
- кок = leg
= table leg ('lauajalg')

керка вевт
- керка = house (N)
- вевт = roof (N)
= roof of a/the house, houseroof

The first noun can describe a material (often corresponding to an adjective in English or Estonian), the second noun the thing that's made of it. In these cases, as far as I understand, the first noun could often just as well be interpreted as an adjective, as there isn't always a formal distinction between nouns and adjectives in Komi (comparable to 'silver' or 'iron' in English):

зарни чунькытш
- зарни = gold (noun) = golden (adj.)
- чунькытш = ring(let) (N)
= golden ring(let)

эзысь деньга
- эзысь = silver (noun = adj.)(N)
- деньга = money, coin (N)
= silver coin

кöрт пач
- кöрт = iron (noun = adj.)(N)
- пач = stove (N)
= iron stove

пув ва
- пув = cranberry (N)
- ва = water; fluid (N)
= cranberry juice, jõhvikamahl

вöв куйöд
- вöв = horse (N)
- куйöд = droppings (N)
= horse droppings

As in English, a proper name can be followed by another noun defining it:

Печöра ю
- Печöра = Pechora
- ю = river (N)
= the Pechora River

^
Last edited by h34 on 2022-10-02, 4:40, edited 4 times in total.


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