Võru keel

h34
Posts:1425
Joined:2014-12-16, 20:15
Re: Võru keel

Postby h34 » 2018-07-09, 20:36

Linguaphile wrote:I thought I had aleady posted these, but apparently not, so here they are:

Thanks a lot! I remember you posted them on the combined Seto / Võru - thread (when I confused Võru with Veps at first :blush: ) but it's good to find them here as well.

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-07-09, 20:56

h34 wrote:
Linguaphile wrote:I thought I had aleady posted these, but apparently not, so here they are:

Thanks a lot! I remember you posted them on the combined Seto / Võru - thread (when I confused Võru with Veps at first :blush: ) but it's good to find them here as well.

Oh, that's right! Thanks for letting me know that I'm not losing my mind, because I really was sure I had posted them. I should have checked your list of threads/posts!
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-07-12, 20:51

Family words in Võro:

imä = mamma = mother
esä = father
tütäŕ = daughter
poig = son
veli = brother
sõsaŕ = tsidśa = sister
vanaimä = memḿ = grandmother
vanaesä = tätä = grandfather
latsõlatś = grandchild
tütretütäŕ = granddaughter (daughter's daughter)
pojatütäŕ = granddaughter (son's daughter)
tütrepoig = grandson (daughter's son)
pojapoig = grandson (son's son)
tädi = aunt (mother's sister)
tsõdsõ = aunt (father's sister)
uno = uncle (mother's brother)
lell = uncle (father's brother)
täditütäŕ = cousin (maternal aunt's daughter)
tsõdsõtütäŕ - cousin (paternal aunt's daughter)
unotütäŕ = cousin (maternal uncle's daughter)
lellätütäŕ = cousin (paternal uncle's daughter)
tädipoig = cousin (maternal aunt's son)
tsõdsõpoig = cousin (paternal aunt's son)
unopoig = cousin (maternal uncle's son)
lelläpoig = cousin (paternal uncle's son)
veletütäŕ = niece (brother's daughter)
sõsaratütäŕ = niece (sister's daughter)
velepoig = nephew (brother's son)
sõsarapoig = nephew (sister's son)
tõõnõpuuľ = abikaas = spouse, husband, wife
abimiiś = ülä = husband
abinaanõ = naańõ = wife
äi = father-in-law
meheesä = father-in-law (husband's father)
naasõesä = father-in-law (wife's father)
ämm = mother-in-law
meheimä = mother-in-law (husband's mother)
naasõimä = mother-in-law (wife's mother)
minnij = pojanaanõ = daughter-in-law
väümiiś = väü = väüpoig = tütremiiś = son-in-law
naasõveli = brother-in-law (wife's brother)
velenaanõ = sister-in-law (brother's wife)
kälüsḱ = kälü = sister-in-law (wife's sister)
nado = mehesõsaŕ = sister-in-law (husband's sister)
Last edited by Linguaphile on 2019-12-16, 4:15, edited 1 time in total.
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-07-14, 19:55

Personal Pronouns in Võro

Nominative
1s: mina = maq = ma
2s: sina = saq = sa
3s: timä = tiä = tää = tä
1p: miiq = mi
2p: tiiq = ti
3p: nimäq = niäq = nääq = näq

Genitive
► Show Spoiler

Partitive
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Illative
► Show Spoiler

Inessive
► Show Spoiler

Elative
► Show Spoiler

Allative
► Show Spoiler

Adessive
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Ablative
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Translative
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Terminative
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Abessive
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Comitative
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Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-07-18, 15:22

Conjugation of the verb olõma (to be)

1s ma olõ I am
2s sa olõt you (singular) are
3s tä om he/she is
1p mi olõmiq = mi olõ we are
2p ti olõtiq = ti olõt you (plural) are
3p näq ommaq they are

1s ma olli I was
2s sa ollit you (singular) were
3s tä oll' he/she was
1p mi olli we were
2p ti ollit you (plural) were
3p näq oll' they were

1s ma olõ-iq = I am not
2s sa olõ-iq you (singular) are not
3s tä olõ-iq he/she is not
1p mi olõ-iq we are not
2p ti olõ-iq you (plural) are not
3p näq olõ-iq they are not
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-08-08, 23:53

Vegetation

kasvoq = vegetation
mõts = forest
nõglamõts = taiga, coniferous forest
tundra = tundra
puu = tree
nõglapuu = conifer
kõiv = birch
pai = raag = willow
petäi = pine
tamḿ = oak
vaher = maple
pähn = lõhmus = linden
tsiidri = cedar
haav = aspen
lepp = alder
lehťkuuś = larch
kuuś = spruce, fir
saarna = ash
pihl = rowan
puhm = shrub, bush
mari = berry
palohk = lingonberry
tikri = karusmari = gooseberry
hõrak = red currant
sitik = black currant
kurõmari = cranberry
maaśk = strawberry
musťk = blueberry
murahk = cloudberry
vabarn = raspberry
katai = juniper
rohi = (tall) grass, weeds
muro = (short) grass, lawn
hain = hay
lilľ = flower
tott = häidseq = blossom
juuŕ = root
oss = branch
lehť = leaf
nõgõl = needle
krobisõma to rustle (leaves), to make a crunchy sound
kropin = rustling, crunchy rustle
kõsisõma = to rustle (leaves), to make a soft sound as breeze in a tree
kõssin = rustling, soft rustle
kukk = cone, pinecone
pähḱmäs = nut
siiń = mushroom
sammõľ = moss
samblik = lichen
sõnajalg = fern
häitsejä sõnajalg = flowering fern
kilṕjalg = bracken

:arrow: for comparisons
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-08-27, 0:29

Bodies of water

viikogo = body of water
vesi = water
magõvesi = fresh water
merevesi = sea water
lättevesi = spring water
läteq = spring
kaiv = well
oja = brook, creek
jõgi = river
jõõasõ = jõõpõhi = riverbed
jõõperv́ = riverbank
järv́ = lake
tiiḱ = pond
land = lumṕ = small pond, puddle
suu = marsh
samblõsuu = bog
viihoitus = sulõng = reservoir
sadang = juga = waterfall
kivestü = vuulsaq = cascade, rapids
jõõsuu = mouth of a river
perv́ = shore
rand = coast, beach
lahť = kolk = bay, gulf
väin = merekitsus = strait
meri = sea
lainõq = wave
saaŕ = island
laid = small island, islet
puuľsaaŕ = peninsula
silmäpiiŕ = taivarand = horizon

:arrow: for comparisons
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-09-02, 4:07

Examples of case declension of nouns

Singular forms of 'mõts' (forest)

Nominative: mõts
Genitive: mõtsa
Accusative: mõtsa
Partitive: mõtsa
Illative: mõtsa
Inessive: mõtsan
Elative: mõtsast
Allative: mõtsalõ
Adessive: mõtsal
Ablative: mõtsalt
Translative: mõtsas
Abessive: mõtsaldaq
Comitative: mõtsagaq

Plural forms of 'mõts' (forest)
Nominative: mõtsaq
Genitive: mõtso
Accusative: mõtsaq
Partitive: mõtso
Illative: mõtsohe
Inessive: mõtson
Elative: mõtsost
Allative: mõtsolõ
Adessive: mõtsol
Ablative: mõtsolt
Translative: mõtsos
Abessive: mõtsoldaq
Comitative: mõtsogaq

:arrow: for comparison
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-11-28, 1:49

Weather terms

ilm = weather
ilma ettekuulutus = weather forecast
illos ilm = nice weather
halv ilm = bad weather
klaaŕ ilm = clear weather
päiv = sun
päivlik = sunny
päiv paist = the sun is shining
pilv́ = cloud
pilvine = cloudy
piksepilv́ = thundercloud
kuiv = dry
tuuľ = wind
tuulinõ = windy
tuulõhõng = light wind, breeze
kõva tuuľ = strong wind
torḿ = storm
maru = (big) storm, tempest
torminõ = marunõ = stormy
tümistämä = to thunder
pikne = thunder; thunder and lightning
välḱ = lightning
udsu = undsõq = fog
udsõnõ = undsõnõ = foggy
paks udsu = paks undsõq = dense fog
vihm = rain
vihmanõ = rainy
satas vihma = it's raining
lumi = snow
luminõ = snowy
satas lummõ = it's snowing
lopp = räpp = lortś = lörtś = sleet
räüss = räss = hail
räüssäs = it's hailing
hall = üükülm = frost
kidsukülm = hard freeze
härm = rime
ijä = = ice
ijäne = iäne = icy
külm = cold
lämmi = warm
kuum = hot
pallav = sweltering
hämm = humid
kastõq = dew

:arrow: for comparison
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2018-12-21, 0:31

Time-related expressions in Võro

Aig = time
Kas sul om aigo? = do you have time?
Jah, mul om aigo = yes, I have time
Mul olõ-iq aigo = I don't have time
Aig om viil varra = it's still early
Aig om ildanõ = it's already late

Noq = now
Põraq = currently, right now
Noqsama / Õkvalt = right away, immediately

Kõõ / Kõgõ = always
Sakõstõ / Paksustõ = often
Mõnikõrd / Mõntvuuri = sometimes
Harva = rarely
Ei kunagiq = never

Hummogu = in the morning
Pääväl = during the day
Keskpääväl / Süäpääväl = at midday
Päält lõunõ = in the afternoon
Õdagu = in the evening
Üüq = at night

Palľo kell om? / Ku palľo kell om? / Miä kell om? = what time is it?
Kell katś = two o'clock
Kell katśtõist = twelve o'clock
Puul ütś = half past twelve
Puul kolm = half past two
Kolmveeränď ütśtõist = a quarter to eleven
Viie minodi peräst katś = five minutes to two
Kümme minotit katś läbi = ten minutes past two

Ütś minoť = one minute
Paaŕ minotit = two minutes
Paaŕ tunni = two hours

Päiv = day
Ütś päiv = one day
Katś päävä = two days
Kümme pääva = ten days

Mis kuupäiv täämbä om? = what's the date today?
Mis päiv täämbä om? = what day is today?
Täämbä om iispäiv = today is Monday
Täämbä om tõõsõpäiv = today is Tuesday
Täämbä om kolmapäiv = today is Wednesday
Täämbä om neläpäiv = today is Thursday
Täämbä om riidi = today is Friday
Täämbä om puulpäiv = today is Saturday
Täämbä om pühäpäiv = today is Sunday

Üle-eeläq = the day before yesterday
Eeläq = yesterday
Täämbä = today
Hummõń = tomorrow
Ülehummõń = the day after toomrrow

Üüpäiv = day (24-hour period)

Seo nädäli = this week
Tulõva nädäli = next week
Seo kuu = this month
Tulõva kuu = next month
Minevä kuu = last month

Vahtsõnõ aastak = new year
Timahavva = this year
Mulluq / Minevä aasta = last year

Kevväi = spring
Keväjä = in spring
Suvi = summer
Suvvõ = in summer
Süküs = autumn
Sügüse = in autumn
Talv́ = winter
Talvõ = in winter

Jaanuaaŕ / Vahtsõaastakuu = January
Veebraaŕ / Radokuu = February
Märtś / Urbõkuu = March
Apriľ / Mahlakuu = April
Mai / Lehekuu = May
Juuni / Piimäkuu = June
Juuli / Hainakuu = July
Augusť / Põimukuu = August
Septembri / Süküskuu = September
Oktoobri / Rehekuu / Rehepessükuu = October
Novvembri / Märdikuu = November
Detsembri / Joulukuu / Talsipühäkuu = December

:arrow: for comparison
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2019-02-03, 5:01

Conjugation of verbs elämä "to live" and tulõma "to come"

Infinitive:
1: elämä tulõma
2: elläq tullaq

Indicative present, affirmative
1s ma elä ma tulõ
2s sa elät sa tulõt
3s tä eläs ta tulõ
1p mi elämiq mi tulõmiq
2p ti elätiq ti tulõtiq
3p näq eläseq näq tulõvaq

Indicative present, negative
1s ma elä-eiq ma tulõ-iq
2s sa elä-eiq sa tulõ-iq
3s tä elä-eiq tä tulõ-iq
1p mi elä-eiq mi tulõ-iq
2p ti elä-eiq ti tulõ-iq
3p näq elä-eiq näq tulõ-iq

Indicative simple past, affirmative
1s ma elli = ma eläsi ma tulli
2s sa ellit = sa eläsi sa tullit
3s tä elli = tä eläsi tä tull'
1p mi elli = mi ellimiq mi tulli = mi tullimiq
2p ti ellit = ti ellidiq ti tullit = ti tullidiq
3p näq elliq näq tulliq

Indicative simple past, negative
1s ma elä-es = ma es eläq ma tulõ-es = ma es tulõ
2s sa elä-es = sa es eläq sa tulõ-es = sa es tulõ
3s tä elä-es = tä es eläq tä tulõ-es = tä es tulõ
1p mi elä-es = mi es eläq mi tulõ-es = mi es tulõ
2p ti elä-es = ti es eläq ti tulõ-es = ti es tulõ
3p näq elä-es = näq es eläq näq tulõ-es = näq es tulõ

Past perfect, affirmative
1s ma olõ elänüq ma olõ tulnuq
2s sa olõt elänüq sa olõt tulnuq
3s tä om elänüq tä om tulnuq
1p mi olõ elänüq mi olõ tulnuq
2p ti olõt elänüq ti olõt tulnuq
3p näq ommaq elänüq näq ommaq tulnuq

Past perfect, negative
1s ma olõ-iq elänüq ma olõ-iq tulnuq
2s sa olõ-iq elänüq sa olõ-iq tulnuq
3s tä olõ-iq elänüq tä olõ-iq tulnuq
1p mi olõ-iq elänüq mi olõ-iq tulnuq
2p ti olõ-iq elänüq ti olõ-iq tulnuq
3p näq olõ-iq elänüq näq olõ-iq tulnuq

Imperative
2s eläq! tulõq!
3s eläguq! tulkuq!
1p elämiq! tulõmiq!
2p elägeq! tulkõq!
3p eläguq! tulkuq!

Negative imperative
2s är eläguq! är tulkuq!
3s ärkuq eläguq! ärkuq tulkuq!
1p ärmiq elämiq! ärmiq tulõmiq!
2p ärkeq elägeq! ärkeq tulkõq!
3p ärkuq eläguq! ärkuq tulkuq!

:arrow: for comparison
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2019-02-24, 4:39

Basic phrases in Võro with standard Estonian translations for comparison

Tereq! = Tere! = Hello
Tereq hummogut! = Tere hommikust! = Good morning!
Tereq pääväst! = Tere päevast! = Good afternoon!
Tereq õdagust! = Tere õhtust! = Good evening!
Hääd üüd! = Head ööd! = Good night!
Kuis lätt? = Kuidas läheb? = How is it going?
Kuis elät? = Kuidas elad? = How are you?
Kuis käsi käü? = Kuidas käsi käib? = How are you doing?
Hästeq = Hästi = Fine
Hääd nägemist = Head aega = Nägemist = Goodbye
Näemiq pia = Näeme varsti = See you soon
Olõq hää = Palun = Please
Aitjumma = Aitümmä = Aiteh = Aitäh = Tänan = Thank you
Jakku leeväle! = Jätku leivale = Jätku leiba = Bon appétit!
Palľo mass? = Kui palju maksab? = How much does it cost?
Mul om sularahha vaia = Mul on sularaha tarvis = I need cash
Piä saina man käümä = Pean pangaautomaadi juures käima = l have to go to an ATM
Kos kõgõ lähemb...om? = Kus asub lähim...? = Kus lähim...on? = Where is the nearest...?
Sain = Rahasain = Pangaautomaat = ATM
Kemmerg = Tualett = Bathroom
Puut = Pood = Store
Bussipiätüs = Bussipeatus = Bus stop
Kas sa kõnõlõt võro kiilt? = Kas sa räägid võro keelt? = Do you speak Võro?
Võro kiiľ = võro keel = Võro language
Eesti kiiľ = eesti keel = Estonian language
Soomõ kiiľ = soome keel = Finnish language
Vinne kiiľ = vene keel = Russian language
Läti kiiľ = läti keel = Latvian language
Śaksa kiiľ = saksa keel = German language
Inglüse kiiľ = inglise keel = English language
Rantsusõ kiiľ = prantsuse keel = French language
Saa-i arvo = Ma ei saa aru = I don't understand
Kuis su nimi om? = Kuidas su nimi on? = What is your name?
Mu nimi om = Mu nimi on = My name is
Kost sa peri olõt? = Kust sa pärit oled? = Where are you from?
Kohe sa läät? = Kuhu sa lähed? = Where are you going?
Ma lää kodo = Ma lä​hen koju = I'm going home.
Läämiq kodo! = Lähme koju! = Let's go home!
Ma tiiä-iq = Ma ei tea = I don't know
Tuust ei tiiäq ma midägiq = Mul pole õrna aimugi = I have no idea = I haven't got a clue
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2019-03-22, 0:49

Consonant Gradation

Võro has three (and sometimes up to four) degrees of quantity. Like Estonian, the set of three is only distinguished in writing for the following:
Q IIIQ IIQ I
kkkg
kk’k’g’
pppb
pp’p’b’
tttd
tt’t’d’
For all others the spelling of Q III is identical to Q II (i.e., written as a double letter) and Q I is written as a single letter.

Group 1.1: quantitative gradation only (Q III to Q II)
strong (QIII)weak (QII)
kkk
kk’k’
ppp
pp’p’
ttt
tt’t’
tsds
ts’ds’
sss

Group 1.2: quantitative gradation only (Q II to Q I)
strong (QII)weak (QI)
kg
k’g’
pb
p’b’
td
t’d’

Group 1.3: quantitative gradation (Q II to Q I and Q III to Q II) for which the difference between QIII and QII is not reflected in orthography:
Q IIIQ IIQ I
hhhhh
lllll
mmmmm
nnnnn
rrrrr
sssss

Group 1.4: quantitative gradation only (Q III to Q I)
strong (QIII)weak (QI)
vvb
vvd
vvg
vvś

Group 2: qualitative gradation (voiceless to voiced)
strong (QI)weak (QI)
bv

Group 3.1a: qualitative gradation (omission of consonant)
strongweak
d
t
g
k
s

Group 3.1b: qualitative + quantitative gradation (omission of consonant from a cluster, remaining consonant is lengthened)
strongweak
mbmm
ldll
ndnn
rdrr
rr
ndn


In combination, the above can create three- and four-level gradation for certain words, such as:
Q I(Q I)Q IIQ III
bppp
gkkk
g'jk'kk'
dtt


Examples of four-level gradation for individual words:
nominativegenitivepartitiveillativemeaning
Q IQ IIQ III
häbühäühäpühäppüshame
igäikäikkäage
sõdasüasõtasõttawar


:arrow: for comparison
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2019-09-13, 13:27

Vowel harmony in Võro:
Front vowelsBack vowelsNeutral
ä e ö üa õ o ui


Some dialects (including Seto) include an additional vowel /ɨ/, written as y:
Front vowelsBack vowelsNeutral
ä e ö üa õ o u yi


Examples:
  • küsümüs = question (all vowels are the front vowel ü; compare the standard Estonian cognate küsimus, which has three different vowels and no vowel harmony)
  • tütäŕ = daughter (presence of ü in the first syllable requires ä rather than a in the second; compare standard Estonian tütar, which does not have vowel harmony)
  • käümä = to go (all front vowels; compare Estonian käima, which does not have vowel harmony)
  • külä = village (all front vowels; compare Estonian küla, which does not have vowel harmony)
  • kõnõlõma = to speak (all back vowels; compare Estonian kõnelema, which does not have vowel harmony)
  • sõsarakõnõ = little sister (takes the diminutive ending -kõnõ because the word sõsara "sister" has back vowels)
  • velekene = little brother (takes the diminutive ending -kene because the word vele "brother" has front vowels)
In compound words, each component of the compound has its own internal vowel harmony which is not affected by the other components, and suffixes take the vowel harmony of the final component:
  • pojatütäŕ = granddaughter (poja has back vowels, tütäŕ has front vowels
  • kolmapäiv = Wednesday (kolma has back vowels, päiv has front vowels)
  • pääväpaistõl = in the sunshine (päävä has front vowels, paistõl with back vowels takes the back-vowel addessive ending -õl)

Image
image source

:arrow: for comparison
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2019-09-21, 8:48

Animals and birds in Võro

elläi = animal
sipõrlanõ = ant
karh = bear
majjai = beaver
mehiläne = bee
mardik = beetle
tsirk = bird
mutuk = bug
liblik = butterfly
kasś = cat
kana = chicken
lehm = cow
varõs = crow
kägo = cuckoo
hirv́ = deer
pini = dog
partś = duck
kodasḱ = eagle
põdõr = elk, moose
kala = fish
kärbläne = fly
parm = horsefly
repäń = fox
kunn = frog
kitś = goat
ritsik, hainatsirts = grasshopper
hani = goose
kulľ = hawk
siiľ = hedgehog
hopõń = horse
rõipõpini = jackal
kassipoig = kitten
käokiräs, käolehm = ladybug
lõiv = lark
lõvi = lion
sõsalik = lizard
imetäjä = mammal
ahv́ = monkey
kiholanõ = mosquito
hiiŕ = mouse
jaanatsirk = ostrich
üükulľ = owl
tsiga = pig
tuvi = pigeon, dove
jänes = rabbit, hare
ruumaja = reptile
kikas = rooster
kajak = seagull
lammas = sheep
mado, siug = snake
laulutsirk = songbird
varblanõ = sparrow
härm = spider
orrav = squirrel
kurǵ = stork
pääsokõnõ, pääsläne = swallow
luik = swan
kilṕkunn = turtle
hüürläne = wasp
susi = wolf
vagõl, husś = worm

:arrow: for comparison
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2019-10-12, 20:53

Animals and birds in Seto (differences from other dialects of Võro marked in bold)

Seto is a dialect of Võro, and as there is a dialect continuum, it's difficult to differentiate between them. There aren't many differences. However, since we have Võro and Seto listed separately in the Links to Threads posts, I thought I'd give it a try to make a separate listing for Seto. It's a fairly good list for showing the extent of the differences. In nearly all cases, the differences are just slight pronunciation ones. The only exceptions on this list are the words for beetle (maŕtkas in Seto, mardik elsewhere) and ant (where kusikuklanõ refers to ants in general in Seto, but only to red ants elsewhere).
In a few cases the final consonant -s is apparently palatalized and lengthened in Seto but not in all dialects of Võro (kikaśs versus kikas, etc.). There are also a few orthographical differences, such as kuľl versus kulľ for "hawk", kaśs versus kasś for "cat". These are differing conventions for marking palatalization, and are not standardized. The pronunciation is the same.


elläi = animal
kusikuklanõ = ant (other Võro dialects: sipõrlanõ, and kusikuklanõ is specifically a red ant)
kahr = bear
maŕtkas = beetle (other Võro dialects: mardik)
tsirk = bird
liblik = butterfly
kaśs = cat
kana = chicken
lehm = cow
varõss = crow
kägo = cuckoo
hirv́ = deer
pini = dog
paŕts = duck
kodasḱ = eagle
põdõŕ = elk, moose
kala = fish
kärbläne = fly
parm = horsefly
repäń = fox
kunn = frog
kitś = goat
ritsik = grasshopper
hani = goose
kuľl = hawk
siil = hedgehog
hopõń = horse
kaśsipoig = kitten
lõiv = lark
sõsalik = lizard
imetäjä = mammal
kiholanõ = mosquito
hiiŕ = mouse
üükuľl = owl
tsiga = pig
tuvi = pigeon, dove
jäneśs = rabbit, hare (other Võro dialects: jänes)
kikaśs = rooster (other Võro dialects: kikas)
kajak = seagull
lammass = sheep (other Võro dialects: lammas)
mado, siug = snake
laulutsirk = songbird
varblanõ = sparrow
härmävitäi = spider (other Võro dialects: shortened to härm, but härmävitäi is also possible)
orrav = squirrel
kuŕg = stork
pääsläne = swallow
luik = swan
hüürläne = wasp
susi = wolf
vagõľ, husś = worm

Source: Seto sõnastik

:arrow: for comparison
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2019-11-26, 2:39

Lõunõeesti kiilt soomõkeelitsile Võro phrases and grammar for Finnish-speakers (Ukalaa suomenpuhujille)
It's interesting that this document uses the name Ukala to refer to the Võro language in Finnish; I hadn't seen that before. In Estonian the cognate is Ugala, also known as Ugandi, or in Latin Ugaunia, the former name for the region (former county) where Võro is spoken. It is also the origin of the name for Estonia as a whole in Latvian, which is Igaunija.

Inglüse-Võro Puutrõsynaraamat English-Võro Glossary of Computer Terms
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2019-12-15, 22:17

Two-hour webinar from a few days ago.

Jüvä Sullõv - Introduction to Võro language
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYdYv6ZDdwc
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2020-02-20, 0:58

(vro) Maŕaq ja seeneq ((et) Marjad ja seened, (en) Berries and mushrooms)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhHEW0NTsOs&list=UUFe9LM6QFqiIWrFPOAURaOw

(vro) Juss korjas marju ((et) Juss korjab marju, (en) Juss collects berries)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNu3JoJtxm4
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri

Linguaphile
Posts:5355
Joined:2016-09-17, 5:06

Re: Võru keel

Postby Linguaphile » 2020-02-21, 4:18

(vro) Juss ja Eesti Rahva Muusõum ((et) Juss ja Eesti Rahva Muuseum, (en) Juss and the Estonian National Museum)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3wsG3MZ3Gw

(vro) Jäno-Juss käü Eesti Vabaõhumuusõumin ((et) Jänku-Juss käib Eesti Vabaõhumuuseumis, (en) Jänku-Juss Visits the Estonian Open Air Museum)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Ytyl_d68GI

(vro) Juss käü Kurgja Talomuusõumin ((et) Juss käib Kurgja Talumuuseumis, (en) Juss Visits the Kurgja Farm Museum)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REkOHbSdMKI
Sono di continuo a caccia di parole. Descriverei il processo così: Ogni giorno entro in un bosco con un cestino in mano. Trovo le parole tutt'attorno: sugli alberi, nei cespugli, per terra (in realtà: per la strada, durante la conversazioni, mentre leggo). Ne raccolgo quante più possibile. -Jhumpa Lahiri


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