Slovak Language in general

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oozy
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Lesson number 2

Postby oozy » 2005-10-07, 22:56

Verb's types

There are 3 types of verbs: A/Á, I/Í, E/IE.
In present tense:

Singular

A/Á-verbá: read / search
Ja čítam / hľadám
Ty čítaš / hľadáš
On číta / hľadá

I/Í-verbá: buy / sit
Ja kúpim / sedím
Ty kúpiš / sedíš
On kúpi / sedí

E/IE-verbá: write / bear
Ja píšem / nesiem
Ty píšeš / nesieš
On píše / nesie


Plural

A/Á-verbá:
My čítame / hľadáme
Vy čítate / hľadáte
Oni čítajú / hľada

I/Í-verbá:
My kúpime / sedíme
Vy kúpite / sedíte
Oni kúpia / sedia

E/IE-verbá
My píšeme / nesieme
Vy píšete / nesiete
Oni píšu / nesú


The reason for 2 letters A/Á, I/Í and E/IE and not only A, I and E is the
so called rythmic law. It says that in word cannot be two long sounds one
after another.


Present Tense

All persons but third are quite regular.

I ----M
You ----Š
He ----O


We ----ME
You ----TE
They ----AJÚ (A verbs), ----IA (I verbs), ----U (E verbs)


A-verbá:
číta - čítajú (he reads, they read)
počúva - počúvajú (he listen, they listen)
večeria - večerajú (he eats dinner, they eats dinner)

I-verbá:
kúpi - kúpia (he buy, they buy)
hovorí - hovoria (he speaks, they speak)
varí - varia (he cooks, they cook)

E-verbá:
píše - píšu (he writes, they writes)
študuje - študujú (he study, they study)
telefonuje - telefonujú (he phones, they phone)
raňajkuje - raňajkujú (he has breakfast, they have breakfast)


Negation

Created very simply. Just use prefix "ne".

-Máš čas? (Do you have time?)
-Ľutujem, nemám čas. (I am sorry, I don't have time.)
-Prepáčte, nerozumiem. (Excuse me, I don't understand.)


All for now .. questions are welcome.

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Postby CoBB » 2005-10-08, 5:45

What's the infinitive form of these verbs?
Tanulni, tanulni, tanulni!

A pő, ha engemély, kimár / De mindegegy, ha vildagár... / ...mert engemély mindet bagul, / Mint vélgaban a bégahur!...

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Postby Fenek » 2005-10-12, 18:14

I don't know what is happening right now, but I want to say that I wish victory over Russia to the Slovak soccer team!!! :bounce: :bounce: :bounce:
I'd appreciate any corrections to my messages!
Vi sarò molto grato per ogni correzione!
Zelo vam bom hvaležen za popravke!
Aş fi recunoscător pentru orice corectare!
Bio bih vam veoma zahvalan na ispravkama!

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Postby Oleksij » 2005-10-12, 18:16

Me too... :wink:
(and I wish the Irish beat the Swiss, the Cypriots beat the French and Ireland go to Germany :lol: )
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Postby Fenek » 2005-10-13, 9:40

Slovakia didn't win against Russia, but the 0-0 draw let them pass the group qualifyers!

HURRRRAAAA!!!!! :burning: :burning: :burning: :burning: :burning: :burning:
I'd appreciate any corrections to my messages!
Vi sarò molto grato per ogni correzione!
Zelo vam bom hvaležen za popravke!
Aş fi recunoscător pentru orice corectare!
Bio bih vam veoma zahvalan na ispravkama!

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Postby Nameless » 2005-11-30, 14:26

oozy wrote: Accents over letters "č ď dž ľ ň š ť ž" means soft pronoucation as in "č" "chick" for example (others are hard to find english example, btw I think that there is no such sound like "ť" in english).


Just want to add ->
"š" -> "shift", "ň" -> "new", "ž" -> "casual", "dž" -> "just"

...or at least I think that they are prononced like that :- )

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Postby Nameless » 2005-11-30, 14:45

And one more thing on some letters with ˇ - ď, ť, ň, ľ.

If letters d, t, n or l are followed by "e" or "i", we pronounce them the same way as ď, ť, ň or ľ, but we write it without "ˇ"

So "deti" (kids, children) is pronounced as if there was written "ďeťi" (soft d and t).

Same rule is applied if d, t or n (NOT l) are followed by "ie" or "ia".

So "dieťa" (kid, child) is pronounced as if there was written "ďieťa".

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Postby rotzi » 2005-12-22, 0:12

Hi there!

I'm actually learning Czech, but want to get used (at least passively) to Slovak as well.

Nameless wrote:And one more thing on some letters with ˇ - ď, ť, ň, ľ.

If letters d, t, n or l are followed by "e" or "i", we pronounce them the same way as ď, ť, ň or ľ, but we write it without "ˇ"


So how is "formálne pozdravy" (formal greetings) pronounced?
If I'm not mistaken, then it's formálne, not formálňe. Right?

So is the following rule valid?
-- Xe is normally pronounced X'e (X = d,t,n,l)
-- if Xe is actually Xé but the e was shortened because a long syllable precedes Xe, then the pronunciatoin is Xe, not X'e.

Second question:
How many people actually pronounce "le" as "ľe"?

dominik

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Postby oozy » 2005-12-22, 0:23

rotzi wrote:So how is "formálne pozdravy" (formal greetings) pronounced?
If I'm not mistaken, then it's formálne, not formálňe. Right?


Right.

rotzi wrote:So is the following rule valid?
-- Xe is normally pronounced X'e (X = d,t,n,l)
-- if Xe is actually Xé but the e was shortened because a long syllable precedes Xe, then the pronunciatoin is Xe, not X'e.


Hm, I'm not sure, maybe an example would help me.

rotzi wrote:Second question:
How many people actually pronounce "le" as "ľe"?


In fact, almost nobody. It is case in some dialects. Same as "ä", which is pronounced "e" by 97% of population :).

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Postby rotzi » 2005-12-22, 11:29

Hi again,

thanks for the quick reply.

oozy wrote:
rotzi wrote:So is the following rule valid?
-- Xe is normally pronounced X'e (X = d,t,n,l)
-- if Xe is actually Xé but the e was shortened because a long syllable precedes Xe, then the pronunciatoin is Xe, not X'e.


Hm, I'm not sure, maybe an example would help me.


Here you go:

Nemáš ma tak formálne (formálňe) pozdraviť. / Nepotrebujeme tak formálne (formálne) pozdravy.

I'm trying to deliver other example sentences. Right now, I'm too uncreative. :(

Oh, and we mustn't forget foreign words, where "n" is also pronounced hard, not soft. correct?

RIGHT: tematický / WRONG: ťemaťický
RIGHT: telefón / WRONG: ťelefón / ťeĺefón
RIGHT: gramatika / WRONG: gramaťika

oozy wrote:
rotzi wrote:Second question:
How many people actually pronounce "le" as "ľe"?


In fact, almost nobody. It is case in some dialects. Same as "ä", which is pronounced "e" by 97% of population :).


Good to know! :)

dominik

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Postby rotzi » 2005-12-22, 12:25

rotzi wrote:I'm trying to deliver other example sentences. Right now, I'm too uncreative. :(


Here's another example/question:

súdiť = to judge

Conjugation in the present tense:
súdim, súdiš, súdi, súdime, súdite, súdia

How is the "d" pronounced in these words? Is it "d" or "ď"? If it's "d", then my rule would be correct.

dominik

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Postby rotzi » 2005-12-22, 12:39

rotzi wrote:
rotzi wrote:I'm trying to deliver other example sentences. Right now, I'm too uncreative. :(


Here's another example/question:
[...]


forget the question, please! it's pronounced "ď" of course...

dominik

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Postby Krígl » 2006-04-05, 14:41

Nameless wrote:"š" -> "shift", "ň" -> "new", "ž" -> "casual", "dž" -> "just"


I'm not sure with my English now but isn't the s in casual pronounced closer to sh? Cause Slovak ž is more like measure then.
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Postby Zajačík » 2006-04-05, 14:45

I agree :)
Súhlasím :)
Bien mal acquis ne profiteroles

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Postby Gorimir » 2006-06-01, 1:26

rotzi wrote:
Here you go:

Nemáš ma tak formálne (formálňe) pozdraviť. / Nepotrebujeme tak formálne (formálne) pozdravy.



The problem is that in Slovak, there is an interesting phonetic rule: rhytmical shortening.

problém je, že v slovenčine je zaujímavé fonetické pravidlo: rytmické krátenie.

It means, when you have a word with long syllables, one long syllable has to be followed just by a short one (except of some special cases).

Znamená to, že keď máš slovo s dlhou slabikou, tak za jednou dlhou slabikou môže nasledovať len krátka (až na niektoré výnimky).

Long syllable can be marked by accute ("dĺžeň") over the wovel or is given by diphthong (ia, ie, iu, ô).

Dlhé slabiky sa značia dĺžňom nad samohláskou alebo ich vytvára dvojhláska (ia, ie, iu, ô).

And why is in the form "formálne" (plural form of the adjective "formal") pronounced "n", while in the adverb "formálne" (formally) is "ň"? It´s quite difficult to explain, but there is some logic:

A prečo sa vo forme "formálne" (množné číslo od prídavného mena "formálny") vyslovuje "n", kým v príslovke "formálne" je "ň"? Vysvetľuje sa to trochu ťažko, ale má to v sebe akú-takú logiku:

First of all, let´s consider the adverb "formálne" (formally) to be the "normal form". It is pronounced with "ň" (nj), because there is "n+e". But in the adjective form is the situation quite another:

Let´s have the pattern "pekný" (nice):

Singular form: -------------- Plural form:
pekný dom (a nice house) --- pekné domy (nice houses)
teplý čaj (a warm tea) ---- teplé čaje (cups of warm tea; literally: warm teas)

It means, normally, we have in the plural form in nominative case suffix (pronounced long). But there is a small complication. In words such as "formálny" (formal), "objektívny" (objective), "nevábny" (non-attractive) etc", the last but one syllable is long. And according to law of rhytmical shortening, the next syllable become short. It means, the suffix will lose its "lenght". That´s why we don´t have "formálné, objektívné, nevábné" - but we have "formálne, objektívne, nevábne". Suffix has lost its´ lenght, but didn´t lose the pronounciation of "n". The long "é" doesn´t make the pronounciation of "n" weaker (n -> ň).

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Postby Gorimir » 2006-06-01, 1:43

Here I have collected 3 adjectives with diphthongs in the semi-final syllable and ending "-ne" pronounced hard (-ne):

Tu som zozbieral tri prídavné mená s dvojhláskou v predposlednej slabike a s koncovkou "-ne", ktorá sa vyslovuje tvrdo:

hôľne lúky [huoljne lu:ki] (alpine grasslands)
obtiažne úlohy [opťiažne u:lohi] (difficult tasks)
biedne kraje [biedne kraje] (poverty-stricken regions)

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Postby kibo » 2006-08-28, 11:32

Is this the right thread to ask the questions concerning grammar?

Maybe this is too advanced for me, but I'm in a doubt when to use i/í and when y/ý. I know that i/í palatizes some consonants (except in foreign and some old slavic words) and y/ý keeps them intact, and that ý is used as the ending of nominativ singular masculine of adjectives while for some the plural ending is -í (starý - starí). Are there any other rules, or is everything else based on etymology. I guess that y is in those words where ы was in Old Church Slavic. (that will be tough for me to remember :))

And one more thing, do you confuse yourself a lot with these two letters?
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Postby UNI-Lukas » 2006-08-30, 15:22

Actually, i/i and y/ý is one of the biggest problems of native Slovaks. As we only hear the words, we often dont know what i/y to put. There are actually many rules for this, but I dont know them all, since I guess i/y most of the time (and 90% its right :lol: ).

But I thought people who learn Slovak as a foreign language know better where to put i/y - as they learn the words themselves... I mean - they learn them from seeing unlike Slovaks, who learn words from hearing them only.

Anyways, I ´ll try to find the rules for writing i/y.

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Postby Oleksij » 2006-09-02, 13:53

Aachie wrote:Actually, i/i and y/ý is one of the biggest problems of native Slovaks. As we only hear the words, we often dont know what i/y to put. There are actually many rules for this, but I dont know them all, since I guess i/y most of the time (and 90% its right :lol: ).

But I thought people who learn Slovak as a foreign language know better where to put i/y - as they learn the words themselves... I mean - they learn them from seeing unlike Slovaks, who learn words from hearing them only.

Anyways, I ´ll try to find the rules for writing i/y.

Are "i" and "y" pronounced the same? :?
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Postby Riks » 2006-11-14, 22:49

Are "i" and "y" pronounced the same? :?


Yes, they are pronounced the same. :wink:
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