Postby rasikabello » 2009-05-06, 8:12
Can you help me understand?
sina ken ala ken pana e sona tawa mi.
you can no can give e knowledge to me?
Yes or no questions are usually in the formation of 'verb ala verb.' For example,
sina moku ala moku. You-eat-no-eat?
moku. Yes, I ate.
moku ala. No, I have not eaten.
sina wile ala wile kama sona e toki pona.
you-want-no-want-come-know-e-toki-pona?
Do you want to learn toki pona?
wile. Yes, I want to learn.
wile ala. No, I do not want.
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'seme' or 'what' is a little tricky. See the following sentences.
What is your name?
nimi sina li seme.
name-you-li-what?
Your name is what?
Where is Ajelawaje?
jan Ajelawaje li lon ma seme.
person-ILuveEire-li-in-place-what.
ILuveEire is in what place?
Who are you?
sina seme.
you-what.
What/who are you?
When is the party?
tenpo nasa li lon tenpo seme.
time-crazy-li-on-time-what?
Crazy time is at what time?
Why do you eat?
sina moku tan seme.
you-eat-because'of-what?
You eat because of what?
mi moku tan ni: mi wile pana e moku tawa insa mi.
I eat because I want to give my stomach food.
How do you sleep?
sina lape lon nasin seme.
you-sleep-in-way-what.
You sleep in what way?
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To say help, ususually it is said like this:
sina ken ala ken pana e pona tawa mi?
Can you help me?
o pana e pona tawa ona!
Help him!
To help is to 'pana e pona tawa' or 'to give good/fixings to'
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'la' is also a little complex.
The easiest construction is that 'la' is used for time clauses.
tenpo ni - now
tenpo kama - future
tenpo kama lili - recent future
tenpo kama mute - far future
tenpo pini - past
tenpo pini lili - recent past
tenpo pini mute - long time ago
tenpo suno - day
tenpo suno ni - today
tenpo suno pini - yesterday
tenpo suno kama - tomorrow
tenpo mun - month
tenpo mun ni - this month
tenpo mun pini - last month
tenpo mun kama - next month
tenpo sike - year
tenpo sike ni - this year
tenpo sike pini - last year
tenpo sike kama - next year
So, for example: tenpo suno pini la mi tawa tomo moku poka mije mi. Yesterday, I went to a restaurant with my husband.
Second usage, but more rarely, it is used for birthday references! To say how old one is, it is usually a number, followed by 'sike e suno' or 'circle the sun.'
tenpo luka luka luka luka la mi sike e suno. I am twenty years old.
Third usage, it is used for subjective phrases. Which translates to "If/When.... then...."
mi moku la mi pilin pona. If/When I eat, I will feel good.
sina kama jo e supa lape la lape sina li kama pona. If you get a bed, then your sleep will improve.
Fourth usage, which is new to me, is as an adverbial phrase. These are to modify the entire sentence, as opposed to the verb only.
ken la - maybe
ike la - badly, unfortunately
pona la - fortunately
sama la - similarily
nasa la - foolishly
ante la - otherwise, on the other hand
ken la mi ken kama sona pona e toki pona.
Maybe I can learn toki pona well.
I hope that helps!
tan jan Lasika.