Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-09-29, 20:05
Tunuvaa is a mixed language: about 400 years ago, four different languages of four different language groups merged into one language. This happened because the population, who spoke the Tuuraha language and was fluent also in the languages called "language III" and "language IV" (we don't know their true names; the documents of that time report only "the other languages", "the dialects other than Tuuraha"), started to speak also the Hanuvaa language. The result was the formation, at the end of a process that lasted about 200 years, of the Tunuvaa language - a name which was probably derived by the juxtaposition of the first part of the syllable Tu- of "Tuuraha" and the syllables -nuvaa of the word "Hanuvaa". Words containing the letter g are derived from the Hanuvaa language.
We know exactly what was the original language to which each word of the Tunuvaa language belonged to, since a document of the late Tuuraha period reports a complete list of words indicating exactly the languages to which they originally belong to. However, the words in the lists had already undergone the phonetic changes that had adapted them to the phonological structure of the Tuuraha language.
T2 indicates a different document reporting only few words of the Tuuraha language that were not included in the main document.
legend:
T = Tuuraha language
T2 = document B Tuuraha language
H = Hanuvaa language
IIIL = third language
IVL = fourth language
VERBS
abuse, violate: v = natuna [naˈtuna] IIIL
accept: v = nunaha [nuˈnaha] IVL
achieve, accomplish, work (have desired result): v = vuravu [vuˈravu] H
act, behave: v = tahavaa [taˈhavaː] T
aim, attempt: v = nanatu [naˈnatu] H
argue: v = ahavuu [aˈvahuː] IVL
arrive, happen: v = havara [haˈvara] H
ask, inquire: v = uuha [ˈuːhaː] IVL
attack: v = hauu [ˈhauː] T
avoid: v = vuuraatu [vuːˈraːtu] IVL
avoid, avert: v = ruunahu [ruːˈnahu] IIIL
ban, prohibit, veto: v = rananaa [raˈnanaː] IIIL
be (permanent state): v = u [u] IIIL
be (permanent state), be (located): v = haa [haː] H
bite: v = hunatu [huˈnatu] T
blow: v = naanunu [naːˈnunu] IIIL
borrow, hire, rent: v = nuruna [nuˈruna] T
break, smash, snap, split, shatter, destroy: v = vuuna [ˈvuːna]T
breathe: v = vaatana [vaːˈtanaː] IVL
catch, capture, seize, notice: v = tuuvuuha [tuːˈvuːha] IVL
catch, grab, clutch, grasp, grip, intercept: v = nanuha [naˈnuha] IIIL
catch, capture, seize, intercept: v = ahava [aˈhava] T
catch, capture, seize, arrest, intercept: v = nunuga [nuˈnuga/] H
cause, induce, generate: v = vunaahuu [vuˈnaːhuː] T
chase: v = tunuvuu [tuˈnuvuː] IIIL
chase: v = huraavaa [huˈraːvaː] IVL
chase: v = taharu [taˈharu] T
chase: v = rahuhu [raˈhuhu] H
chew: v = rugaga [ruˈgaga] H
choose: v = aataana [aːˈtaːna] T
clear: v = uvuha [uˈvuha] T
come: v = taanu ['ta:nu] T2
compare, contrast: v = ruhaha [ruˈhaha] T
continue, keep, sustain: v = vuuga [ˈvuːga] H
complain: v = runaguu [ruˈnaguː] complain H
control: v = vavata [vaˈvata] T
cost: v = tuuhaa [ˈtuːhaː] IVL
count, calculate: v = varuutu [vaˈruːtu] IVL
count: v = anahuu [aˈnahuː] IIIL
cover: v = vaatuu [ˈvaːtuː] IIIL
crash, collide: v = nutuva [nuˈtuva] IVL
crush, grind, squash, crumble: v = navaha [naˈvaha] H
deal, haggle: v = naranu [naˈranu] H
decide, judge: v = tataana [taˈtaːna] T
defend, protect, guard: v = uvuna [uˈvuna] IIIL
describe: v = raatataa [raːˈtataː] IVL
deserve: v = ruhahu [ruˈhahu] IIIL
die: v = ruhaata [ru'ha:ta] T2
direct, conduct: v = taataanuu [taːˈtaːnuː] IIIL
doubt: v = narura [naˈrura] H
drag, tow: v = nuruha [nuˈruha] H
drain: v = vunutu [vuˈnutu] IVL
drift: v = ravata [raˈvata] T
drink: v = nuhunaa [nu'huna:] T2
drive, chase: v = uuruuha [uːˈruːha] IVL
earn: v = nunaavuu [nuˈnaːvuː] IIIL
eat: v = tuuhana [tu:'hana] T2
elect: v = nunura [nuˈnura] H
employ, enlist, recruit: v = haavaha [haːˈvaha] IVL
erase: v = huvava [huˈvava] H
establish: v = utatuu [uˈtatuː] IVL
expect, anticipate: v = hugavaa [huˈgavaː] H
experience: v = huuruu [ˈhuːruː] H
face, confront: v = ahuunu [aˈhuːnu] IVL
fear: v = vanuuhuru [vanu:'huru] T2
feel (perceive, sense), notice: v = nutuu [ˈnutuː] IIIL
fight, attack: v = tahahuu [taˈhahuː] IIIL
figure out, consider, understand, ponder: v = vuununa [vuːˈnuna] T
flow, leak = vuuhaha [vuːˈhaha] H
fly: v = hataa ['hata:] T2
focus, aim: v = nuutuu [ˈnuːtuː] H
fold: v = havutaa [haˈvutaː] T
frown: v = nuhuunaa [nuˈhuːnaː] IVL
get, obtain: v = haana [ˈhaːna] IVL
give: v = hanaava [ha'na:va] T2
go, leave (depart), pass: v = naaa [ˈnaːa] IVL
grasp, deduce: v = vavaa [ˈvavaː] IIIL
graduate: v = huunaahuu [huːˈnaːhuː] IIIL
grind: v = naahanaa [naːˈhanaː] IVL
grow, evolve: v = huuvu ['huːvu] H
have: v = ru [ru] T
have, possess: v = raa [raː] IVL
have sex: v = nata [ˈnata] aahana [aːˈhana] IIIL
hear: v = haruunu [ha'ru:nu] T2
help, assist: v = vuunu [ˈvuːnu] IIIL
help, assist: v = uuvu [ˈuːvu] T
help: v = raavaara [raːˈvaːra] H
hide, lurk: v = ranuhaa [raˈnuhaː] IIIL
hint, imply, indicate: v = uhaa [ˈuhaː] IIIL
hit: v = nuhuvataa [nuhu'vata:] T2
hold, support: v = vuuru [ˈvuːru] IIIL
hunt: v = ravaa [ˈravaː] T
hurt, injure: v = hanana [haˈnana] T
imagine, devise: v = nutuuru [nuˈtuːru] H
increase, expand: v = havuunu [haˈvuːnu] H
indicate: v = hunuuna [huˈnuːna] IVL
interrupt, interfere: v = tuhahuu [tuˈhahu:] IVL
invite: v = vahuuva [vaˈhuːva] IIIL
keep, store: v = ruva [ˈruva] IIIL
keep, accumulate: v = nunu [ˈnunu] T
kill: v = nuuhuraa [nu:'hura:] T2
know (facts): v = vaatuunu [va:'tu:nu] T2
laugh, giggle: v = hataha [haˈtaha] IVL
lay, deposit: v = huuhuuta [huːˈhuːta] H
lean, tilt : v = tararu [taˈraru]T
leave (let remain): v = naata [ˈnaːta] IVL
lend, loan: v = ruuhatu [ruːˈhatu] IVL
lie (on side, recline): huuvana [hu:'vana] T2
like: v = haanu [ˈhaːnu] IVL
like, love, admire: v = aara [ˈaːra] IIIL
like, enjoy: v = ruvaa ['ruvaː] T
like, admire: v = haruutuu [haˈruːtuː] H
live: v = taahuura [ta:'hu:ra] T2
lose: v = vaanaahuu [vaːˈnaːhuː] IVL
mention: v = ravugu [raˈvugu] H
might: v = naraa [ˈnaraː] T
mix, blend, combine: v = taahuva [taːˈhuva] IIIL
moan, sigh: v = vuutahu [vuːˈtahu] T
murder: v = nuraru [nuˈraru] IVL
name: v = anuhuu [aˈnuhuː] IVL
offend: v = naarahu [naːˈrahu] IVL
offend: v = hanaaru [haˈnaːru] H
open: v = naavu [ˈnaːvu] IIIL
open: v = haruu [ˈharuː] T
organize: v = haaraataa [haːˈraːtaː] H
own, possess: v = tunaa [ˈtunaː] IVL
own, possess: v = vunu [ˈvunu] H
pay: v = taavu [ˈtaːvu] T
pay: v = haanu ['haːnu] H
perform, behave: v = hahavu [haˈhavu] IVL
permit, enable: v = tuunaaha [tuːˈnaːha] T
play (have fun): v = anaa [ˈanaː] IIIL
please: v = ruguugu [ruˈguːgu] v. please H
pour, flow: v = huvuvu [huˈvuvu] IVL
pour, drain: v = natana [naˈtana] H
pray: v = taavava [taːˈvava] IVL
prepare, rehearse: v = vatanaa [vaˈtanaː] IIIL
prove: v = tahuuva [taˈhuːva] T
provide, cater: v = naataa [ˈnaːtaː] T(false friend)
put (place), set: v = nunaa ['nunaː] IIIL
put (place), put on: v = haata [ˈhaːta] H
rate: v = rataa ['rataː] H
realize: v = uvuunaa [uˈvuːnaː] IVL
receive, collect, earn, gather, reaccumulate: v = huunaa [ˈhuːnaː] T
record: v = nuuhagaa [nuːˈhagaː] H
reflect: v = ratanaa [raˈtanaː] H
regret, lament: v = taahuutu [taːˈhuːtu] T
remove, take out, deprive, take away, abolish: v = vuuu [ˈvuːu] IIIL
repeat, replicate: v = hurata [huˈrata] IIIL
respect, admire, worship: v = hutana [huˈtana] IIIL
return, go back : v = nuuhana [nuːˈhana] IIIL
review, analyze: v = ratuva [raˈtuva] IIIL
review: v = rarahu [raˈrahu] T
ride: v = vavuuna [vaˈvuːna] H
ring: v = rurunu [ruˈrunu] T
rise, lift: v = vatunu [vaˈtunu] IVL
run, work (function): v = raanaaru [raːˈnaːru] IVL
say, tell, state, confess: vatuu [ˈvatuː] H
see: v = tavuuna [ta'vu:na] T2
sell: v = nuraata [nuˈraːta] IVL
send, transfer: v = raaruu [ˈraːruː] T
sew: v = vanaru [vaˈnaru] IVL
shock, startle, surprise: v = nahunu [naˈhunu] T
show, demonstrate: v = uvaa ['uvaː] IIIL
sing: v = nuurahuuhu [ˌnuːraˈhuːhuː] IVL
sit: v = aana ['a:na] T2
sleep: v = hatuvaa [ha'tuva:] T2
smell (emit odor), stink: v = hunara [huˈnara] IVL
spell: v = huguta [huˈguta] H
spit, hiss: v = naahutu [naːˈhutu] IVL
stamp: v = vanavu [vaˈnavu] T
stand: v = vanuuhaara [vanu:ha:ra] T2
start, begin: v = huhaa [ˈhuhaː] IVL
start, begin: v = vunata [vuˈnata] IIIL
steal, rob: v = tuvu [ˈtuvu] IIIL
stretch: v = uunahaa [uːˈnahaː] IIIL
stretch: v = natuha [naˈtuha] T
suck, extract: v = ruruuru [ruˈruːru] T
suck: v = huvuuha [huˈvuːha] IIIL
support, brace: v = nara [ˈnara] IVL
swim: v = nanahuu [na'nahu:] T2
tear, rip: v = ranavu [raˈnavu] T
test: v = nahaava [naˈhaːvaː] IVL
test: v = hagaaga [haˈgaːga] H
think, believe, expect, ponder, imagine: v = hutu [ˈhutu] H
torture: v = navuguu [naˈvuguː] H
tread, step on: v = rahunu [raˈhunu] T
trick, deceive: v = nuhana [nuˈhana] IVL
try (attempt): v = huuguu ['huːguː] H
use, utilize: v = haruu [ˈharuː] IIIL
vomit: v = aanutava [a:nu'tava] T2
vote: v = rahuna [raˈhuna] IVL
vote, elect : v = narara [naˈrara] T
walk: v = aahaa [ˈaːhaː] T
want: v = ravuu [ˈravuː] IVL
warn: v = araaru [aˈraːru] IIIL
warn: v = anaha [aˈnaha] T
wave (salutation): v = hagaava [haˈgaːva] H
wonder: v = anahuu [aˈnahuː] IVL
wonder: v = navaaha [naˈvaːha] T
worry: v =hutuna [huˈtuna] IVL
Last edited by
Massimiliano B on 2023-07-16, 17:22, edited 7 times in total.