Conlingo

[Massimiliano B]

This is a new conlang I starded creating yesterday. Maybe there are some incoherences. Letters are pronounced like in Italian or Spanish (but g = [g], e = [ə ~ e̞], u = [ɯ ~ ɤ]). It is spoken in Italy, but in a universe parallel to ours.


Independent personal pronouns (a -t is added when the verb is transitive):
Da = I
Aki = you
Yuko = he / she
Dada = we
Akiki = you all
Yukoko = they
Form of personal pronouns when prefixed to verbs (for transitive verbs only):
Da-
Ki-
Ko-
Dad-
Kik-
Kok-

Nouns always start with a consonant.Plural of nouns is formed by doubling the last syllable (but plural of nouns is not obligatory; only plural for adjectives is obligatory):

Saka = man / woman
Sakaka = men / women
Napi = boy / girl
Napipi = boys / girls
Biisi = water
Biisisi = waters

Verbs always start with a vowel:
oguma = to drink
imoki = to eat

Conjugation of the present tense:
Daoguma biisi = I drink water
Kioguma biisi = you drink water
Kooguma biisi = he/she drinks water
Dadoguma biisi = we drink water
Kikoguma biisi = you drink water
Kokoguma biisi = they drink water

If you use independent personal pronouns, you don't have to use prefixed personal pronouns.
Dat oguma biisi / Dat daoguma biisi (= I drink water)

Nouns:
-t = is suffixed to the subject when there is a direct object after the verb:
Sakat kooguma biisi = the man/woman drinks water

With nouns, I can use any sentence order I want (but SVO is predominant):
Sakat biisi kooguma
Sakat kooguma biisi
Biisi kooguma sakat
biisi sakat kooguma
Kooguma sakat biisi
Etc.

Even if the object is not expressed, the -t has to be used:
sakat kooguma = the man/woman drinks
EDIT: If the object is not expressed, the verb behaves like an intransitive verb, so the intransitive suffixes are used:
This sentence:
Sakat kooguma biisi (The man drinks the water)
becomes then:
Saka yoguma (the man drinks - without any object expressed)
The subject now is in the absolutive case and the verb has the prefix y- of the third person singular absolutive.
But if I say:
Saka kooguma
the sentence means "(Someone) drinks the man/woman", since the direct object can be placed also before the verb.

I can also say:
Sakat oguma = The man/woman drinks.
But if I say:
Saka oguma
this means "I/you/he-she/we/you all/they drink the man/woman"

Other examples:
Osuni = see
Akit osuni da (you (subj.) see me), akit da osuni, da osuni akit, osuni da akit (you see me)
Etc.

I can also use the prefixed personal pronoun:
Kiosuni da = you see me
Da kiosuni = you see me


Adjectives always start with a consonant and always follow the noun (they take the ending -t if followed by verb and object). They form the plural by adding -yan (-yat in the ergative):

Kiini = young
Pati = old

Saka kiinit kooguma biisi = the young man/woman drinks water (the noun does not take -t)

Verb negation:
verb + -s
Napit koogumas biisi : the boy/girl does not drink water.


The order can be variable:
Napit biisi koogumas.
Etc.

Ta = and (before every element)
Ta saka ta napit kokoguma biisi = man/woman and boy/girl drink water. (A -t after the last subject is sufficient).


Past tense
Verb + kaa:
Daogumakaa = I drank


Future tense
Verb + di
Daogumadi = I will drink


For the interrogative form of a verb, add -nii to the verb, at the end of it:
Kiogumakaanii? = have you drunk?
koo, daogumakaa = yes, I have drunk
i, daogumakaas = no, I haven't drunk


With intransitive verbs, the prefixes for the personal pronouns are different from those already seen, and the subject doesn't take the -t. "A man/woman walks" cannot be translated as
Sakat koanuga" (anuga = to walk), because the -t indicates a subject of a transitive verb, and ko- indicates only the third person subject of a transitive verb. That sentence has to be translated as
Saka anuga,
or a different set of personal prefixes can be used:
d- = I
a- = you
y- = he / she
da- = we
ak- = you
yuk- = they
So, that sentence will be: saka yanuga (the man walks)

So, "yanuga" means he/she walks

Onisa = to be (only for the "A is B" sentence; no -t is needed for the subject). With "onisa", the prefixed intransitive personal pronouns are obligatory, and the order is always SVO:
Da donisa saka = I am a man/woman
or
Donisa saka
But: Don is a teacher = Don yonisa takii (takii = teacher)
Takii yonisa Don = the teacher is Don

[Massimiliano B]

A sentence like
"Don drinks water and then walks"
cannot be translated as
"Dont daoguma biisi takan (takan = then) yanuga"
because the meaning would be
"Don drinks water and then (the water) walks". The reason is that the verb yanuga, which is intransitive, has the prefix y-, which indicates the patient, which is both the third person singular subject of an intransitive verb and the third person singular recipient of the action of a transitive verb. But the only referent for this kind of prefix is "biisi", and not Don, which, in fact, in this sentence has the desinence -t, that indicates that he is the agent of a transitive verb.

In order to say that "Don" walks, I cannot simply use the pronoun yuko (=he/she/it), because it still refers only to the water:
"Dont daoguma biisi takan yuko yanuga" means
"Don drinks the water and then it ( = the water) walks".
I cannot overcome the problem by saying "yukot" here, since the verb is intransitive and yukot can only be used with a transitive verb.

To solve this problem, I have to find if it is possible to use, before the verb "yanuga", a third personal intransitive subject pronoun which refers to the previous element of the sentence which has the desinence -t (for instance, this could be a word which means "the first element":
For example, if "nuu" means "first", the sentence would be:
"Dont daoguma biisi takan nuu yanuga", which would have this meaning:
"Don drinks water and the first one ( = Don) walks".

If I will find that this construction is not possible, then the solution is to repeat "Don" before "yanuga":
Dont daoguma biisi takan Don yanuga" ("Don drinks water and then Don walks").

[Linguaphile]

If I will find that this construction is not possible, then the solution is to repeat "Don" before "yanuga":
Dont daoguma biisi takan Don yanuga" ("Don drinks water and then Don walks").

Not "Dont daoguma biisi takan Dont yanuga"?
I like the idea of using "nuu" though. Or you could have a special version of the pronoun that means "he/she (the person we already mentioned)".
Your marking of the subject with -t is throwing me for a loop but only because in Estonian it is the direct object that is often marked with -t and the subject is unmarked.
Some aspects of your grammar, such as the prefixes on the verbs, remind me of Ga-Dangme. I'm sure there are many languages that do that but Ga-Dangme is the one I'm most familiar with.

[Massimiliano B]

Thank you Linguaphile for your post

If I will find that this construction is not possible, then the solution is to repeat "Don" before "yanuga":
Dont daoguma biisi takan Don yanuga" ("Don drinks water and then Don walks").

Not "Dont daoguma biisi takan Dont yanuga"?

If you say "Dont" here (Don + t as the agent marker, that is, the subject of transitive verbs only), the sentence is ungrammatical, because the verb "anuga" is intransitive. For intransitive verb, you have to use the intransitive set of prefixes, and the subject has to be unmarked (that is, left without -t).

I have thought also about a pronoun that means "the person previous mentioned", but if there are two persons, the problem would remain unsolved. But "nuu" here simply means "the first element", regardless of the nature of this element; so, it may be the best choice in this case.

The languages that influence my conlangs are Basque, Japanese, the Iroquian languages, and Adyghe - a North-Western Caucasian language (but also other languages!).

[Massimiliano B]

Interrogatives:
bai = what
taga = who
api = where
dauki = when
ozan = why
osagun = how
naika = how much /how many
naikayan = how many (-yan = plural of adjectives)


Some verbs:
okainta (trans.) = to speak
inauga (intrans.) = to sleep
otiisa (intrans.) = to go
ebindu (trans.) = to come
agidu (trans./intrans.) = to study
eguna (intrans.) = to work
enuma (intrans.)= to be (at some place)
azugu (trans.) = to buy

Some prepositions:
du = in/at
agin = to
sun = from

Some nouns:
kuma = sun
nau = moon
kooto = fire
tauga = river
sundu = mountain
timaa = star
aiku = cloud
yaanu = rain
bisu = snow
yoku = land
daki = animal
gana = fish
tuntu = tree
maisu = fruit
tauku = apple
sami = sky


Numbers (I am not sure about this numerical system; probably I will change it):
ko = 1
sa = 2
mi = 3
tu = 4
na = 5
di = 6
pa = 7
mu = 8
te = 9
ga = 10
gako (10+1)= 11
gasa = 12
gami = 13
gatu = 14
gana = 15
gadi = 16
gapa = 17
gamu = 18
gate = 19
saga (2×10) = 20
sagako (2×10+1) = 21
sagasa = 22
sagami = 23
Etc..
tega = 90
tegate = 99
gaya (ga × ga = 10×10) = 100 (the second ga becomes ya for euphony)
gayaga = 110 (100+10)
gayasaga = 120 (100+20)
sagaya = 200 (2×100)
migaya = 300
tugaya = 400
nagaya = 500
digaya = 600
pagaya = 700
mugaya = 800
tegaya = 900
gasaya = 1000 (10×100)
gasayagaya = 1100
gasayagayaga = 1110
sagasaya = 2000
sagasayasagako = 2021

Some sentences:
Api yenuma gana? = Where is the fish?
Gana yenuma du tauga = the fish is in the river.
Naikayan tauku kiasugukaanii? = How many fruits did you buy?
Daasugukaa mi = I bought three.

[Linguaphile]

If you say "Dont" here (Don + t as the agent marker, that is, the subject of transitive verbs only), the sentence is ungrammatical, because the verb "anuga" is intransitive. For intransitive verb, you have to use the intransitive set of prefixes, and the subject has to be unmarked (that is, left without -t).

Thanks!

The languages that influence my conlangs are Basque, Japanese, the Iroquian languages, and Adyghe - a North-Western Caucasian language (but also other languages!).

Thanks! (Phonology doesn't have much Circassian influence I see.... )

[Massimiliano B]

The languages that influence my conlangs are Basque, Japanese, the Iroquian languages, and Adyghe - a North-Western Caucasian language (but also other languages!).

Thanks! (Phonology doesn't have much Circassian influence I see.... )

Phonology has Uralic influence (but I left out ä, ö ü)!

[Linguaphile]

The languages that influence my conlangs are Basque, Japanese, the Iroquian languages, and Adyghe - a North-Western Caucasian language (but also other languages!).

Thanks! (Phonology doesn't have much Circassian influence I see.... )

Phonology has Uralic influence!

I thought something seemed familiar!

(but I left out ä, ö ü)!

And õ!

[Massimiliano B]

(but I left out ä, ö ü)!

And õ!

The sound õ has alwasy been difficult to me to distinguish from ö.



Other prepositions (some of them begins with consonant clusters):

du = in
tuku = with
an = of
tkaan = on
bzekan = under (z is pronounced like in English)
yo = for
bza = between
edin = without

Examples:
The apple of Tina = Tauku an Tina.
The apple of Tina is on the tree = Tauku an Tina yenuma tkaan tuntu.
Tina works with Don = Tina yeguna tuku Don.
In the river there are fishes = Du tauga yukenuma ganana / gana. (The verb indicates already that the subject is plural)
Tina went to the mountain = Tina yotiisakaa agin sundu.

Possessives:
anda (of-me) = my
andayan = my (for plural items)
anaki = your
anakiyan = your (for plural items)
anyuko = his/ her/its
anyukoyan = his / her / its (for plural items)
andada =our
andadayan = our (for plural items)
anakiki = your all
anakikiyan = your all (for plural items)
anyukoko = their.
anyukokoyan = their (for plural items)

Examples:
My apple = Anda tauku.
I eat your apple = (Dat) daitoki anaki tauku.
Who is eating my apples? = Tagat koitoki andayan tauku?

Other nouns (these nouns contain consonant clusters at the beginning of the word):
tkumaa = hill
bzauka = beach
psagu = dog
bzuni = bird
psantu = flower

Some adjectives:
kuna = tall / high
kaata = short
bzaati = nice
ooga = calm
taikaa = difficult
tiima = easy

Adjectives have plural form by reduplication of the last syllable (like the nouns):
kunana = tall (plural)
kaatata = short (plural)
taikaaka = difficult (plural; only one vowel is repeated)
EDIT: adjectives form the plural by adding -yan (-yat in the ergative case)

Demonstratives:
katu = this
nuuki = that
katuyan = these
nuukiyan = those


Other sentences:
Tina gives Don a fruit = Tinat koabinta (abinta = to give) maisu agin Don (agin = to)
The bird is on the mountain = Bzuni yenuma tkaan sundu.
I walk under the rain = Danuga bzukan yaanu.
This flower is nice = Katu psantu yonisa bzaati

[Linguaphile]

The sound õ has always been difficult to me to distinguish from ö.

Well supposedly that's difficult for Estonians from the island of Saaremaa too, so don't feel bad.

[Massimiliano B]

The sound õ has always been difficult to me to distinguish from ö.

Well supposedly that's difficult for Estonians from the island of Saaremaa too, so don't feel bad.

I'm studying the difference now


I write here all the nouns I've invented till now. They are totally random, and sometimes odd-sounding. It's likely I will change some of them. Any comments or suggestions are welcome.
Nouns take -t in the ergative case and reduplicate the last syllable to form the plural. However, plural is not usually used. Nouns are almost always used in their singular form. Nouns add -b in the dative case:


afternoon = kumati
animal = daki
apple = tauku
ash(es) = oitka
autumn = miiya
back = paita
bark = poki
beach = bzauka
belly = zauni
bird = bzuni
blood = yuuna
bone = pteki
boy / girl = napi (napipi = boys / girls)
breasts = sayaa
brother (older) = zaaki
case = taasuni
center = naatu
child = nukata
city = paasi
claw = tkiimi
cloud = aiku
cold = timuu
day = yuma
degree (temperature) = saaku
direction = kaana
dog = psagu
dust = koomaka
ear = nuitka
earth (soil) = baani
east = kantaa
egg = toomi
evening = naugu
evil = tunu
exam, test = daima
eye = goi
fact = nubaati
father = gutu
feather = saaga
fingernail = timi
fire = kooto
fish = gana
flesh = siigu
flower = psantu
fog = tkanuu
foot = baina
foreigner = sakuu
forest = psautu
fruit = maisu
grass = tunti
grease = paugu
group = gunaaka
guts = zukuta
hair = tugaana
hand = daa
head = oiti
heart = duuna
hill = tkumaa
home = psauni
horn (of animals) = yaaka
hour = nuuga
house = psauni
ice = binaa
job = taguni
knee = gunii
lake = binaaka
land = yoku
leaf = mitkaa
life = nopii
liver = gaiti
man = saka (sakaka = men)
midday = kumatku
midnight = punaani
mind = kuumi
minute = baini
moon = nau
morning = kusuu
mother = gutu
mountain = sundu
mouth = saa
name = kota
neck = bzuu (plural: bzuuzu)
night = punaa
north = oitka
nose = muu
number = kuudu
path = tkuni
pear = bzaati
person = saka
place = sunta
point = konuu
problem = taguni
rain = yaanu
river = tauga
road = sayana
root = tkuya
rope = aatku
salt = aimaki
sand = psena
school = duyami
sea = bigunaa
season = nantuyu
second = guni
seed = auma
sister (older) = zaaki
skin (of human) = baani
sky = sami
smoke = butu
snake = aabzu
snow = bisu
south = banu
spider = naiki
spring = nopsuu
star = timaa
stick = zaani
stone = bzoya
summer = bzaunu
sun = kuma
tail = munu
thing = tapa
time = nuuga
tongue (anatomical) = naigi (g always hard)
tooth = uuna
tree = tuntu
water = biisi (biisisi = waters)
way = bzauna
week = payuma
west = kuini
wind = iinu
wing = sundu
winter = muutka
woman = saka
work = taguu
world = daayu
worm = abzaa
year = mauni

[Massimiliano B]

Here is a list of verbs I have invented so far. They start and end always with a vowel and have the following structure: V(V)-C(C)-V(V)-C(C)-V:

to ask = umuta
to be (only for the "A is B" sentence) = onisa
to be (at some place) = enuma
to be born = apsuma
to bite = ainutku
to blow = onigu
to boil = entumu
to breathe = ayuni
to burn = umaadi
to buy = azugu
to call = igaama
to can = -it-
to come = ebindu
to count = uduma
to cut = onanti
to die = eniyu
to dig = aukita
to do = ubata
to drink = oguma
to eat = imoki
to fall = asundu
to fear = aiptani
to feel = udaami
to fight = etkuma
to find = antuga
to float = unduka
to flow = oimanta
to fly = abzimi
to freeze = imuya
to give = abinta
to go = otiisa
to greet = utaani
to have = atuga
to hear = obaina
to heat = ezauki
to hit = eptaaka
to hold = anuku
to hope = oidami
to hunt = apsunta
to kill = ontega
to know (facts) = obota
to know (someone) = idumi
to laugh = obanta
to leave = ebaatka
to lie (on side, recline) = etaama
to live = opiki
to look = adiima
to measure = umuuda
to meet = aiganu
to must / to have to = -ep-
to need = -em- / emasa
to pass (exam, test) = utauni
to play (game) = eduni
to praise = izuma
to pull = aunida
to push = aibani
to rain = ayani
to rub = obaka
to say = utaya
to scratch = ukuni
to see = osuni
to seem = idimu
to sew = abiina
to sing = oinuga
to sit = okida
to sleep = inauga
to smell = unada
to speak = okainta
to spit = umanta
to split = umaika
to squeeze = ibzauna
to stab = ontuga
to stand = oibata
to stay = asumi
to study = asidu
to suck = ugaya
to swell = azunti
to swim = adunu
to take = iguya
to teach = aduya
to think = umiya
to throw = opaini
to tie = imauka
to try = odaimi
to turn = obaini
to use = onuki
to vomit = aunaya
to want = -un- / unuga
to wash = ayuna
to wipe = ugaapta
to write = inuga
to work = eguna

[Massimiliano B]

Phonology of Conlingo (any comments or suggestions are welcome):

Vowels
a [a]
aa [a:]
e [ə ~ e̞]
e: [ə: ~ e̞:]
i [i]
ii [i:]
o [o̞]
oo [o̞:]
u [ɯ ~ ɤ]
uu [ɯ: ~ ɤ:]

Consonants
b [b]
d [d]
g [g]
p [p]
t [t]
k [k]
m [m]
n [n]
s [s]
z [z]

Semi-consonant
y = [j]

[Massimiliano B]

Adjectives begin always with a consonant, like nouns. Theyfollow the noun; they take -t in the ergative case and add -yan to form the plural (-yat in ergative plural); they add -b in the dative case (-yab in the plural). The indication of plurality is obligatory for adjectives.
Any comments or suggestions are welcome.



able = kooni
all = taaku
bad = taigu
big = psuunta
black = puni
calm = sooga
cold (weather) = guta
correct = ibzaa
different = ptagu
difficult = taikaa
dirty = bzauka
dry = yaanu
dull (as a knife) = pundaa
early = uumi
easy = tiima
far = teki
fast, rapid = nooka
few = naatka
full = baani
good = yaadu
great = tkaunu
green = ainuu
heavy = autka
high = tkuna
hot (weather) = bzauku
important = naki
large = tkaani
left = kandi
little = bainaa
long = bzuni
many = gunaa
narrow = koobzi
near = muga
new = isuu
next = samii
nice = bzaati
old = pati
other = ptaa
possible = taaga
public = naami
red = ptaaku
right = aku
rotten = paaki
round = giduma
same = bzuuna
sharp (as a knife) = gaani
short = kaata
small = doki
smooth = itkaa
some = kono
straight = tkuuna
tall = tkuna
thick = mekoo
thin = naugu
wet = damii
white = zama
wide = ptigaa
yellow = guuna
young = kiini

[Massimiliano B]

Conjunctions, adverbs, prepositions, interrogatives:

and  = ta ka (before every element)
because = yoto
but = dun
or = ai
if = tka
than / as compared to = yaa
like = zai

who = taga
what = bai
where = api
when = dauki
why = ozan

in (inside) = du
at (at an open place) = baa
to (direction) = agin
to (indirect object / dative) = psu
from = zun
with = taa
of = an
on = tkaan
over = zagun
under = bzekan
for = yo
between = bza
without = edin
during = siin
in front of = ataan
behind = psugun
about / regarding = nai
to / till = paa

here = naa
there = pse
then = takan
yes = koo
no = i
not = kai
perhaps = tagun
more = aga
less = dau
like = yami
before = taina
after = psagaa
now = kema
today = kayun
yesterday = tainun
tomorrow = kumaki
perhaps = dunkoo

how = psau
how much = naika
how many = naikayan

[Massimiliano B]

How to make comparisons in Conlingo:

"A is taller than B": A yonisa (is) aga (more) kuna (tall) yaa (than) B.

"B is shorter than A" is: A yonisa dau (less) kuna yaa B.

"A is as tall as B" = A yonisa kuna zai (like) B ( = A is tall like B).

A is the tallest: A yonisa nuuki (that) aga (more) kuna. (literally: A is that one taller - as compared to a group)

[Massimiliano B]

The solution of the problem represented by this sentence (see the second post of this topic):
"Don drinks water and then (ketan) walks" (which cannot be translated as: *Dont daoguma biisi ketan yanuga - since it means "Don drinks water and then "water" walks)
is in using a construction in which the transitive verb "oguma" (to drink) becomes an intransitive one.
The first part of the sentence "Dont daoguma biisi", for this purpose, has to undergo the following changes: the subject becomes "Don", in the absolutive case (unmarked like in Basque), and the transitive verb becomes an intransitive one, by using the prefixed absolutive personal pronouns for the third person singular (y-; yoguma); the direct object (biisi, in the absolutive), becomes an indirect case, which will be either introduced by a preposition, like "agin" (= "to"), or signaled by a case marker, for instance -b:
Dont daoguma biisi...
will be thus transformed into this one:
Don yoguma agin biisi...
or
Don yoguma biisib...
(I think a case marker is more attractive, but I have to see if this implies some syntactical problems.)

Now I can put together the following sentences:
"Don yoguma biisib..."
and
"...ketan yanuga"
in this way:
"Don yoguma biisib ketan yanuga."
Now, both verbs "yoguma" and "yanuga" have the same prefix of the third singular absolutive subject y-, which refers only to the noun in the absolutive (Don), found in the first part of the sentence. So, it is not the water that walks, but only Don.

[Massimiliano B]

Demonstratives (they precede the noun and take -t in the ergative case and -b in the dative case, when they are pronouns):
katu = this
nuuki = that
katuyan = these (katuyat in the ergative case, katuyab in the oblique case)
nuukiyan = those (nuukiyat in the ergative case, nuukiyab in the oblique)


Here is a complete list of all the personal pronouns and their different cases:

Personal pronouns in the absolutive case (unmarked) - used when they are subject of intransitive verbs or object of a transitive verb (in this case, they precede the verb):
da = I
aki = you
yuko = he / she / it
dada = we
akiki = you all
yukoko = they

Form of absolutive personal pronouns when prefixed to (intransitive) verbs:
d- = I
a- = you
y- = he / she / it
da- = we
ak- = you all
yuk- = they

Personal pronouns in the ergative case - used when they are subject of transitive verbs:
dat = I
akit = you
yukot = he / she / it
dadat = we
akikit = you all
yukokot = they

Form of ergative personal pronouns when prefixed to (transitive) verbs:
da- = I
ki- = you
ko- = he / she / it
dad- = we
kik- = you all
kok- = they

Form of dative personal pronouns, used in the antipassive construction (they precede the verb, like the absolutive pronouns):
dab = I
akib = you
yukob = he / she / it
dadab = we
akikib = you all
yukokob = they

Dative personal pronouns are used in antipassive constructions. Example:
He saw him and went = Yukob yosunikaa takan yotiisakaa (yukob = him/dative; y-onisa-kaa = he/absolutive - see - past; takan = and then)

[Massimiliano B]

How to say "I want to...":

"To want" is prefixed after the personal prefixes:
-un- = want
I want to go to the river = Dunotiisa agin tauga
(d- = I-abs.; un-otiisa = want - to go)

If "to want" is followed by a noun, its form is unuga:
I want an apple = Daunuga tauku. (Da-: I-erg.)


Verb "to can / to be able to / to may"
It is prefixed, like the previous one:
-it-
"Can I sit?" = Ditokidanii? (D-it-okida-nii = I.abs.-can-sit-interr.)

Verb "must / have to":
it is prefixed:
-ep-
"They have to buy a new tree" = Kokepazugu tuntu kinu (kok- = they.erg ; ed-azugu = have / to buy)

The subject prefixes can be either absolutive or ergative, depending on the verb to which they are prefixed.


Conditional / subjunctive suffix:
-bze
I would sleep all day = Dinaugabze siin yuma taaku (I-sleep-would during day all; with d- absolutive)
It can combine with the temporal suffixes (also with future):
I would have slept all day = Dinaukakaabze siin yuma taaku.
Tomorrow I would sleep all day = Kumaki dinaukadibze siis yuma tauka.
Another example:
I would like to know what he/she said = Daunobotabze bai (what) koutamakaa
The first word (daunobotabze) is composed of the following parts: da- = I-erg.; -un-: want: -obota- = to know; -bze: would.
The last word (koutamakaa): ko- = he/she-erg.; -utama-: to say; -kaa: past-suffix
If I want to stress "he/she" (I would like to know what HE/SHE said!!), I have to say:
Daunobotabze bai yukot koutamakaa!
(I hope this sentence has no syntactical problems. I don't detect any problem for the moment)
The subjunctive use of - bze will be explained in a new post.

Imperative suffix:
-ma
Go (you)! = Aotiisama!
Go (you all)! = Akotiisama!

How to epress a need:
Prefix -em- (before other verbs)/ emasa (before nouns):
I need to drink some water =
Daemoguma biisi kono (da- = I-erg.; -em- = need; -oguma = to drink; biisi = water; kono = some).
If I want to say "I need something", I have to use the complete form of the verb, which is emasa:
Do you need some water? = Kiemasanii biisi kono? (Ki- = you-erg.; -emasa- = need; -nii = interrog.; kono = some)

"Perhaps/maybe" mood:
This mood expresses a supposition, a conjecture, an hypothesis: "perhaps I go", "perhaps he does", "perhaps it rains". It can be used also with the past and future suffixes -kaa and -di. The suffix is -gan:
What are you going to drink? = Bai kiogumadinii? (-di- = future)
Perhaps I will drink water = Daogumadigan biisi
Da- = I-erg.; -oguma- = drink; -di- = future; -gan = maybe
(cfr. Daogumadi biisi = I will drink water)
Perhaps he/she has gone =
(Yuko) yotiisakaagan (kaa- = past)
Perhaps she/he will laugh (intrans.) =
(Yuko) yobantadigan (-di- = future)

[Massimiliano B]

to greet = utaani
evil = tunu
good = yaadu
health = dimaa
izuma = to praise
only = duukon
nai = about
-ma = imperative suffix
psu = indirect object / dative
kaiko = no one, nothing


In Conlingo the basic sentences used for greeting are different from English. I'm writing them here in their literal sense, and in brackets their English equivalents:

When you meet someone you know:
I greet you! (= Hello!) = Aki dautaani! / Dautaani!
Is there no evil? (= How do you do?) = Yenumaniis kaiko tunus? / Kaiko tunus? (yenumaniis: y- = III pers. erg. / enuma = to be there; -nii- = interr. particle / -s = negative suffix; kaiko = nothing; tunus: tunu- = evil; -s = negative suffix)
There is only good (I am fine) = Yenuma duukon yaadu. / Duukon yaadu.
About you? (= and you?) = Nai aki?

When leaving:
Health to you! = Dimaa psu aki! / Dimaa!
I praise you! (= Thank you) = Aki daizuma! (I praise you) / Daizuma!
Go in good! ( = Bye!) = Aotiisama du yaadu! / Du yaadu
(Aotiisama is composed by a = you.erg; otiisa = go; -ma: imperative suffix)

Tina and Dimu meet. Dialogue:
Dimu: Aki dautaani, Tina!
Tina: Dautaani, Dimu!
Dimu: Yenumaniis kaiko tunus?
Tina: Yenuma duukon yaadu, daizuma. Nai aki?
Dimu: Duukon yaadu, aki daizuma.

Tina and Dimu greet each other:
Tina: Dimaa psu aki, Dimu!
Dimu: Dimaa, Tina! Du yaadu!
Tina: Aotiisama du yaadu, Dimu!