Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

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Massimiliano B
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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-08-29, 14:45

Relative clause

The relative clause is formed by using the circumfix instead of a relative pronoun:

Pinnip (man) sauluas (book) pinunaanunip (man-sell-man)
yasay (my) kuluk (friend) piip (is) = The man who sells books is my friend.

But I don't exactly know if this construction may function as a relative clause!

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-08-30, 20:41

Adjectives follow nouns. In this case, their meaning is either definite or indefinite. They can also appear as circumfixes, and their meaning is indefinite:

Pinnip čaač (man tall) = a tall man / the tall man
Čapinnipač (= ča-pinnip-ač - tall-man-tall) = a tall man.
Pinnip čaač piip = The man is tall / A man is tall.
Čapinnipač piip = It is a tall man.

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-09-01, 23:40

Personal pronouns and their cumfixed forms:

asa, as-sa = I
öbbö, öbb-bbö (with words in vowels), öb-bö with words in consonants) = you
kuk, ku-uk = he / she / it
pallap, pall-llap (with words in vowels) / pal-lap (with words in consonants) = we
ükü, ük-kü = you all
yoppoy, yopp-ppoy (with vowels) / yop-poy (with consonants) = they


Conjugation of verbs with circumfixed pronouns:

(Okatako = to sleep)
Asokatakosa = I sleep
Öbbokatakobbö = you sleep
Kuokatakouk = he, she sleep
Pallokatakollap = we sleep
Ükokatakokü = you all sleep
Yoppokatakoppoy = they sleep

(Miččim = to speak)
Asmiččimsa = I speak
Öbmiččimbö = you speak
Kumiččimuk = he / she / it speaks
Palmiččimlap = we speaks
Ükmiččimkü = you all speak
Yopmiččimpoy = they speak

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-09-02, 15:02

The negation of the verb is done by putting čuč to the verb:

Čuč asmiččimsa (Not -I-speak-I) = I don't speak

There is also the negative circumfix č-č:

Časmiččimsač = I don't speak

If the conjugation does not include nominal circumfixes,
but only subject personal pronouns, čuč is then inserted between the subject personal pronoun and the verb:

Asa čuč miččim (I not speak) = I don't speak.


Personal object pronouns go after subject pronouns:
Asa okukto čuč wapaw (I it not know) = I don't know it



Circumfixed object personal pronouns:

Otasato, otas-sato
Otöbböto, otöbb-bböto / otöb-böto
Otkukto, otku-ukto
Otpallapto, otpall-llapto / otpal-lapto
Otkükto, otkü-ükto
Otyoppoyto, otyopp-ppoyto / otyop-poyto

The order of the circumfixes is this:
Subject-object-verb-object-subject

Asotkunibbinuktosa (as-otku-nibbin-ukto-sa) = I see him/her/it
Kuotasnibbinsatouk (Ku-otas-nibbin-sato-uk) = He/she/it sees me
Last edited by Massimiliano B on 2022-10-05, 23:11, edited 1 time in total.

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-09-03, 13:25

Asotkunibbinuktosa (as-otku-nibbin-ukto-sa) = I see him/her/it.
Kuotasnibbinsatouk (Ku-otas-nibbin-sato-uk) = He/she/it sees me.

These sentences convey the sense of repetitiveness or habitual action, while the following ones "Asa otkukto nibbin" (I am seeing him/her/it) and "Kuk otasato nibbin" (He/she/it is seeing me) reflect the ongoing aspect if the action.
But in everyday speech the long chain of morphemes of the first examples ar avoided by using adverbial expressions like "everyday", "always", "usually":

"Ullu konnok asa otkukto nibbin" (Every day I him/her/it see) = I see him/her/it every day

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-09-05, 10:41

g / g = it indicate the subject in sentences with the copula verb piip.

G offo g sauluas yaay piip. (subj. this subj. book good is) = This is a good book
G offo sauluas g yaay piip (subj. this book subj. good is) = This book is good.
Last edited by Massimiliano B on 2022-09-06, 16:08, edited 5 times in total.

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-09-05, 22:18

ukawaku = hi, hello
şooş = how
oppappo = to feel
kadak = good
Ukawaku, şooş öbbö oppappo? (Hi, how you feel?) = Hi, how are you?
Asa kadak oppappo (I good feel) = I am fine.

fömmöf = morning
çüaüç= afternoon
buffub = evening
nokkon = night
G šapaš g konnok sawiwas piip = Today is a beautiful day.
Konnok yaay! = Day good! (Good morning)
Nokkon yaay! = Night good!

Yoppoy toffot mugum möllöm = They in-this-in city live.

yalay = to cost
skaaks = onion
Offo skaaks billib yalay? = This onion how-much costs?

kik = imperative particle
ömamö = to remain
üllallü = to study
mom = to have to, to must
Öbbö limmil bab akka inooni? = You yesterday where past go?
Asa tikkit akka ömamö, bib üllallü akka mom = I at-home.at past remain, because study past have-to (I stayed at home, because I had to study)

Öbbö kik üllällü! = Study!

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-09-10, 12:39

Adpositions are expressed by circumfixes only. Here is a list of adpositions in Palindrian:
ay-ya = with (= in the company of)
if-fi = for (benefactive)
fi-if = against (malefactive)
ko-ok = of
la-al = before
al-la = after
pü-üp = from (motion from a place)
s-s = to (motion to a place)
t-t = in, at
um-mu = on, above
mu-um = under
ya-ay = without

Examples:

Asa tüllöllüt (t-üllöllü-t) niffin möllöm (I in-city-in small live) = I live in a small city.

Yoppoy laasaal (la-asa-al) akka oniino (they before-I-before past come) = They came before me.

G Magogam g noyon koŠitišok piip (Subj. Magogam subj. capital of-Šitiš-of is) = Magogam is the capital of Šitiš

Kuk offo iföbböfi mim (He/she this do for-you-for) = He/she does this for you.

PüMagogamüp sGattags polulop öttö poop (from-Magogam-from to-Gattag-to 10000 step there-are) = From Magogam to Gattag there are 10000 steps (about 10 km)

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2022-10-20, 9:47

In Palindrian, perfect words are distinguished from imperfect words: the former are the odd-numbered palindromes; the latter are the even-numbered palindromes. The reason for this distinction lies in the fact that odd-numbered palindromes consist of two palindromic words, joined by a "keystone," which may be a consonant or a vowel, which is therefore not part of the two palindromic words, but intervenes from the outside to determine the union of the two words. The imperfect words are composed of two elements which, however, stand together without a perfect union, but are simply juxtaposed to each other. Their union is unstable, since there is no external element that intervenes to end their mutual difference and opposition.

Examples:
mugum (city) is perfect, because the two parts mu- and -um are held together by a third element, which resolves their opposition, thus enabling the harmony of the opposite terms.
möllöm (to live), on the other hand, is imperfect, because it is composed of the two elements möl- and -löm, without an external element that intervenes to ensure their union.

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2023-03-02, 22:11

Vocabulary (updated version - not yet finished)

In general, antonymes are opposite palindromes: yes = appa, no = paap.
Only personal pronouns and few other particles have a double form: the basic form and the circumfix form.
Adpositions have only the circumfix form.


aayaa = bad
ababa =
abbubba =
ačča = short
adada = to break
afa =
akika = to eat
akka = past tense marker
akuwuka = bye
ala =
alamumala = generally
al-la = after
alla =
amaülüama = belief
ammumma = to believe
ana = there
aokoa = measure
apa = to cry
apopa = drink
appa = yes
asa, as-sa = I
ašša = to have
atta = when
ay-ya = with
bab = where
bib = because
bibbabbib = third month
biibbiib = to read
billib = how much?
bofob = to uncork
bollob = to be born
bölökölöb = state/nation
buffub = evening
čaač = tall
čallofollač =
čiffič = all
čilippappilič = to faint
čimmič = to be quiet
čipöllökakkaköllöpič = walking slowly staggering
Čič = name of the planet where Palindrian is spoken
çöfaföç = fourth month
čölöč = to help
čöömööč = television
čuauč = afternoon
čuč = not
daadaad = reciprocally
daapaad = to empty
dakad = badly
dinnonnid =
dippid =
dipidipid =
dölöd = many
döyöd = water
dupopud = certainly
dud = thing
duud = free
faallaaf = rights
faf, f-f = plural marker
fafanafaf = tenth month
fi-if = against (malefactive)
fiččif = nothing
finnif = big
foninof = to think
foof = that
foofoof = to print
fömmöf = morning
gallag =
golalog =
gollog = never
gooloog = sixth month
gottog = to cost
goyog = sea
guffug = who
gukkug = spirit
if-fi = for (benefactive)
ikki = home
illölli = to give
imami =
immummi =
inooni = to go
ipi = pleasure / to like
ippi = not to be
ippuluppi = nineth month
iti = also
kadak = well
kaak, ka-ak = future tense marker
kiik = foreign country
kik = imperative particle
kikalulakik =
ko-ok = of
konnok = day
kuk, ku-uk = he / she
kulapipaluk = Palindrian language
kuluk = friend
kuttuk = to laze around
la-al = before
lanal = planet
lapal = before
lappal = to steal
lippil =
lobbol = to die
loggol = always
lomol =
lool = minus / less
lopoopol = yesterday
lounuol = equal
löpüpöl = to write
lukkul = enemy
lulokolul = second month
luul = none
lükkül = glass
Magogam = capital of the country of Šitiš.
man-nam = between
miččim = to speak
mim = to do
minnim =
mom = to have to
moččom = to go down
möfföm = to bang
möllöm = to live
mu-um = under
mugum = city
mülalüm = eighth month
muummuum = to decide
müllüm = to regret
nallamallan =
nallullan =
nam-man = around
nan = here
naran = much
nibbin = to see
niffin = small
nin = plus / more
nokkon = night
noppippon =
nosson =
nökkön = piano (musical instrument)
non =
Noon = male personal name
noyon = capital city
nuttapattun = improbably
nöön = low
nünnün = how
odo =
offo = this/a
okatako = to sleep
okko = loud
okkonokko = first month
Ollallo = male personal name
olo = too much
oniino = to come
onno = little
onino = ship
opollopo = tomorrow
oppappo = to feel
osso =
ot-to = it turns a personal pronoun into a direct object
otto =
öalaö = sound
öbbö, öb-bö = you (singular)
ökö = there
öllakallö = thirteenth month
öllillö = to take
öllö= perhaps
ölülö = bread
ömamö = to remain
ömmammö = brotherhood
önaanö = to freeze
öttaluparumurapulattö = indescribable
öttö = step
öülüö = river
öüpüö = right away
paap = no
palap = after
pallap = we
paluffulap = in spite of
pattunuttap = evidently
pawap = to ignore
pifafip = twelve month
piip = to be
pip = to dislike
pinnip = man
pinukkunip = human being
pistallatsip = library
piššip = to urinate
ploffolp = to defecate
pollop = what
poop = there is, there are
pudodup = doubtfully
pup, p-p = question particle
pü-üp = from
püönnöüp = to stop, to cease
s-s= to (motion to place)
sauluas = book
sawiwas = beautiful
sbillibs = to act
sblinükkünilbs = to writhe
sblüütüülbs = to melt
sblüütükkütüülbs = to melt (onself)
sdanads = to hit
sduuyuuds = eternal
sflobolfs = to scratch
sfoggofs = to play a musical instrument
sitötis = tired
skaks = onion
skiiks = to say
skwallawks = to put
skyolloyks = to hear
skyuyks = to fall
smakams = to chat
smayams = to focus
smims, smi-ims = all
smyulluyms = to forget
snallillans = otherwise
snayans = to ruin, to wreck
snons = great
solos =
sommos =
sökös = to buy
spillollips = dignity
splanalps = to insert
splöggökps = to kill
splögükkügölps = to kill oneself, to commit suicide
splumulps = to comb
splumükkümulps = to comb one's hair
spokikops = to be endowed
spokops = to find
spollops = always
spwilliwps = to run
spyanayps = to leave
stallats = book
stappats = after
stats = hand
stlappalts = to wash
stlapükküpalts = to wash onself
stopipits = to listen
stummuts = often
stwokkowts = to crawl
styunnuyts = to swim
sulus =
suus = why
šaaš = to want
šallaš = to be born
šaninaš = to overcome
šapaš = today
šinappaniš = fourteenth month
Šitiš = a name of a country on the planet Čič.
šooš = how
špipš = to watch
t-t = in, at
taabaat =
tabat =
tabbat =
takokat = to be awake
talat = now
talülat = name
tammat = country
tiit = neither
tisösit = lively
töllöt =
tönnöt = reason
tukkut = to work
ualau =
ubbabbu =
učaaču = restaurant
uiliu = tree
ukawaku = hello
ukku = woman
ullu = every
ulu = and, how about
umamu =
ummammu = disbelief
um-mu = on, above
umu =
unaanu = to sell
uppu = that (objective sentence)
Uttu = female personal name
üamalamaü = disbelief
übbü =
üdaadü = meat
üffü = steam
ükü, ük-kü = you (plural)
üllallü = to study
üllöllü = village
ülüpapülü = to swet
ümimü = shall, should
ünnü = to take
wallaw, = to stay
wanaw = mountain
wapaw = to know
wasisaw = ugly
wibbabbiw = to lose
wollomollow = eleventh month
womamow =
wössöw = seventh month
y-y = it turns a personal pronoun into a personal possessive pronoun or adjective.
ya-ay = without
yaay = good
yalay = to cost
yalulay = conscience
yoggonunoggoy = prudently
yonanoy =
yoppoy = they
yöddöy = dryness
yubaabuy = fifth month

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Massimiliano B
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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2023-03-08, 11:35

I have reviewed the structure of the language.
Word order is SVO, and circumfix are used only with adpositions and personal pronouns, but usually they are used as separate words:

Asa mom üllallü ( I have-to study)
Last edited by Massimiliano B on 2023-10-24, 12:38, edited 1 time in total.

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby juby » 2023-08-01, 13:34

Actually I think the words can be shortened, like this:
asa > as (when the word length is odd, it would end with a single letter), öbbö > öbb (when the length is even, it would end with a double letter)

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Re: Palindrian language (Palinnilap) - a palindrome conlang

Postby Massimiliano B » 2023-09-21, 22:01

juby wrote:Actually I think the words can be shortened, like this:
asa > as (when the word length is odd, it would end with a single letter), öbbö > öbb (when the length is even, it would end with a double letter)


I don't understand


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