I'll probably go to Brunei twice this year because my mum is currently working there. There they actually speak Brunei Malay, but since there are essentially no resources for it I think I'll take the opportunity to learn some basic Malay (the official language) even though Malay and Brunei Malay aren't really more mutually intelligible than Malay and some of the other Austronesian languages spoken in the region.
I've been trying to get into Malay for the past couple of months, but I just couldn't bring myself to go beyond the second lesson of Routledge Colloquial Malay. Today I tried combining different resources, and I finally enjoyed it and was able to do a couple of hours of it. Below are my notes; I made sure to note down any Arabic and Sanskrit loans and their equivalents in Hindi-Urdu and Punjabi (I'm really surprised at how much Sanskrit there is in there, even grammatically important words like sudah and kerana!).
Routledge Colloquial Malay: 2 ini bukan anak Susan
hendak - to want
sudah - perfective particle (from Sanskrit शुद्ध)
yang - which, the one that
LangMedia - Teaching the Malay Language
haruslah - must
tahu - know
bertutur - speak, converse
bertutur dalam
mengajar - teach (student - pelajar; students - pelajar-pelajar)
tentang - about, regarding
walaupun - although
berlainan - diverse, different (different = berbeza)
bertumpu - focused
bertumpu kepada
mahu - want
merupakan - constitute, be
Rupa (form, appearance; from Sanskrit रूप) along with agent-focus prefix meng- and causative suffix -kan. Cognate to Urdu روپ/रूप and Punjabi روپ/ਰੂਪ.
memberi - give
(memberikan fokus kepada = bertumpu kepada?)
walaubagaimanapun - however
mengabaikan - neglect, overlook
ataupun - or (=atau; pun - also, even)
selain (itu) - besides, furthermore
antarabangsa - international
bangsa - nation; Sanskrit वंश. wangsa - dynasty also comes from वंश. Cognate to Urdu वंश/ونش - race, clan, lineage.
antara means between and comes from Sanskrit अन्तर, which funnily enough is related to the entre of many Romance languages, as well as English inter- and intra-.
kerana - because (from Sanskrit कारण, cognate to Urdu کارن/कारण and Punjabi کارن/ਕਾਰਨ - cause, reason)
kebangsaan - national
and others (and so on?) - dan lain-lain (lain - other)
iaitu - that is to say, namely
sama - same
dengan - with
sama dengan - equal to, same as
mahir - competent, proficient, skillful (cognate to Urdu ماہر/माहिर, from Arabic ماهر)
mempunyai (meng- + punya) - have, possess
tersendiri - individual, respective
Faizal Tahir - Bukan Yang Pertama
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbQWcvu_-uE
https://www.musixmatch.com/lyrics/Faiza ... ng-Pertama
kau - you (=anda?)
pertama - first, primary
kedua - second
hanya - only
terkini - latest (kini - now, current)
terakhir - last (from Arabic أخر)
selamanya - forever
tunggu - wait
dengar - hear
dahulu - before
jangan - do not
begitu - like that
berlalu - pass
cerita - story
dulu - first, formerly, before
diriku - me, myself
namun - however
ku - my (=saya?)
sewaktu - when (from Arabic وقت)
hati - heart
bagai - like, as if (~macam?)
pasti - certainly
kisah - story, legend, tale
mu - your (=anda?)
dah = sudah
biar - let, allow
lalu, berlalu - pass
yang dah lalu biar berlalu
that-which perfective pass let habitual-pass
Let what’s in the past stay in the past.
gadis - girl
perlu - need (tidak perlu - unnecessary)
sempurna - perfect, complete
I suspect this is cognate to Urdu پورا/पूरा and Punjabi پورا/ਪੂਰਾ (whole, entire, complete) which is from Sanskrit पुरण (filled, whole, fulfilled). According to Wiktionary this is also cognate to Germanic full/vol/voll, Romance plein/ple/lleno/pieno/cheio/plin and Slavic pun/pełny/полный/повний/poln.
menilai - judge, appraise
terburu - rush
jadikan - to turn into (transitive)
jadi (to become) + transitive suffix -kan. jadi comes from Sanskrit जाति, which means birth, rebirth or caste. Cognate to Urdu جاتی/जाति and Punjabi جاتی/ਜਾਤੀ (caste, community).
ratu - queen, monarch
hidup - life
menyakiti - hurt, inflict pain
disakiti - be hurt