,,,,,

[Aleco]

How do you pronounce the letters with a comma over/under?

It bothered me when we were in Riiga to not be able to pronounce it correctly

[mak]

The letters Ģ, Ķ, Ļ and Ņ are modified (palatised) versions of D, T, L and N and represent the sounds [ɟ], [c], [ʎ] and [ɲ].

ņ spanish ñ Palatal nasal
ļ spanish ll Patal lateral approximant
ģ Voiced palatal plosive
ķ Voiceless palatal plosive

Sound samples

[Aleco]

Thanks very much

[Loiks]

The letters Ģ, Ķ, Ļ and Ņ are modified (palatised) versions of D, T, L and N and represent the sounds [ɟ], [c], [ʎ] and [ɲ].

ņ spanish ñ Palatal nasal
ļ spanish ll Patal lateral approximant
ģ Voiced palatal plosive
ķ Voiceless palatal plosive

Sound samples

I've used to write [lʲ] and [nʲ] for palatalized consonants we share that, to my opinion, are pronounced exactly the same way as in my native language. Could you say what is the difference with [ʎ] and [ɲ]?

[mak]

I've used to write [lʲ] and [nʲ] for palatalized consonants we share that, to my opinion, are pronounced exactly the same way as in my native language. Could you say what is the difference with [ʎ] and [ɲ]?

What is the difference between [ʎ] and [ɲ]? They are different sounds.

The difference between [ɲ] and [nʲ] is described here. But I have never heard [lʲ].

[Loiks]

I've used to write [lʲ] and [nʲ] for palatalized consonants we share that, to my opinion, are pronounced exactly the same way as in my native language. Could you say what is the difference with [ʎ] and [ɲ]?

What is the difference between [ʎ] and [ɲ]? They are different sounds.

The difference between [ɲ] and [nʲ] is described here. But I have never heard [lʲ].

I probably didn't make myself very clear, sorry! I meant the difference between [ʎ] and [lʲ] and [ɲ] and [nʲ]. To my opinion it makes more sense to write that way because they are just palatalized equivalents of unpalatalized sounds. Well, I may be wrong about Latvian but in Estonian it definitely is so. And most important: as I listen to Latvian speech I can't say that your [ɲ] sounds different than our [nʲ] .

[lʲ] is very common in Estonian, Livonian and, well, it's Russian ль actually, isn't it?

[mak]

I don't know, sorry.