vijayjohn wrote:What are "hal adverbs"?
Causative adverbs:
https://www.learnarabiconline.com/arabi ... 9%84%D9%87"Hal" or circumstantial adverbs:
https://www.learnarabiconline.com/circu ... al-adverb/So they are both specific usages of the accusative case (one formed with the ending "-an" اً ).
Causative adverbs are formed from nouns and explain the cause. Examples from the links above:
صليت طوعا
Salaytu Taw3an
pray-1SG.PAST obedience-ACC
I prayed out of obedience
ضربت ابني تأديبا
DHarabtu ibni ta'diiban
hit-1SG.PAST son-my discipline-ACC
I hit my son for discipline
Circumstantial adverbs are formed from participles and express an action concurrent to the action described by the main verb. They correspond to transgressives ("verbal adverbs") in other languages.
جاءني زيد راكبا
jaa'ani zayd raakiban
come-3SG.PAST-me* Zayd ride-APRT.ACC
Zayd came to me riding
The OP quoted a verse from the Quran (Nisa 20) and it translates as (Sahih International):
But if you want to replace one wife with another and you have given one of them a great amount [in gifts], do not take [back] from it anything. Would you take it in injustice and manifest sin?
And the OP quoted only a part of this verse:
فَلَا تَأْخُذُوا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا أَتَأْخُذُونَهُ بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُبِينًا
...do not take [back] from it anything. Would you take it in injustice and manifest sin?
And the literal translation/gloss of the last sentence is:
أَتَأْخُذُونَهُ بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُبِينًا
Would-you-take-it* injustice-ACC and sin-ACC open-ACC
So it's definitely not "hal" because injustice and sin do not describe actions, but it doesn't look to me like a causative adverb either because it expresses the way the action is done, not the cause, so perhaps it's tamyeez?
Here's another short sweet reference on usage of the accusative in Arabic (tamyeez is #6 in it).
https://arabic.desert-sky.net/g_cases.html#acc*Don't know how to gloss these combined verb+object instances properly.