Arabic Study Group

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Saim
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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby Saim » 2020-10-19, 17:40

I’m still at the stage of just picking up vocabulary, so a news article would make more sense for me. The lectures are way above my level I think. :lol:

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby eskandar » 2020-10-19, 18:53

No worries, let's do a news article then. Would you like to pick one to start us off?
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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby Saim » 2020-10-20, 6:13

How about this one? Or maybe this one if the topic's too heavy.

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby eskandar » 2020-10-20, 16:26

We can do both! I'll start the first one.

استعارة الحرب ودلالات متحولة.. كيف أثرت جائحة كورونا على اللغات؟

The metaphor of war and changing meanings.. How did the Corona pandemic impact languages?

أدخلت جائحة كورونا العديد من الكلمات والدلالات والمجازات للقواميس والكتب وللغة اليومية المستخدمة
The Corona pandemic introduced many words and meanings and metaphors to dictionaries and books and language used in everyday life

لا يقتصر تأثير جائحة كورونا على صحة البشر وحياتهم الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، وإنما يتعدى كل ذلك إلى اللغات التي يتحدثون بها، فقد أدخلت الجائحة بعض المفردات إلى اللغات المحكية، في حين اكتسبت بعض الكلمات، مثل التباعد والمسافة الاجتماعية، دلالة خاصة لم تكن شائعة قبل تفشي الفيروس المستجد، وإضافة لذلك أصبحت بعض الاستعارات والتعبيرات المجازية أكثر شيوعا وارتباطا بالصحة العامة.

The effect of the Corona pandemic is not limited to human health and social and economic life; it goes beyond all of that to the languages that are spoken, for the pandemic has introduced several words into the spoken languages, (while it [language?] has gained some words :?: ), like "distancing" (التباعد) and "social distance" (المسافة الاجتماعية), [in] a particular sense which was not widespread prior to the recent spread of the virus, and in addition to that several metaphors and expressions became more prevalent and more related(?) to public health.

-

جائحة pandemic
تفشٍ spread, outbreak
مُستجِد new, recent
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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby Saim » 2020-10-22, 11:09

الإنجليزية وقاموسها
English and its dictionary

في أبريل/نيسان من العام الجاري، قام محررو قاموس أكسفورد الإنجليزي بعمل غير عادي. على مدى 20 عامًا الماضية كانوا يصدرون تحديثات ربع سنوية للإعلان عن كلمات ومعان جديدة يتم اختيارها لتضمينها في القاموس، ولكن في أواخر الربيع الماضي، ومرة أخرى في يوليو/تموز السابق، أصدر محررو القاموس تحديثات خاصة، مشيرين إلى الحاجة إلى توثيق تأثير الجائحة على اللغة الإنجليزية، بحسب مقال أستاذ علم النفس بجامعة ممفيس الأميركية روجر جي كروس لموقع ذا كونفرزيشن (The Conversation).

In April of this year, the editors of the Oxford English Dictionary did something unusual.
Over the last 20 years they have been releasing quarterly updates to announce new words and meanings that have been selected to be included in the dictionary, but last spring, and once more last July, the editors of the Dictionary released special updates indicating the need to document the effect of the pandemic on the English language, according to an article by the psychologist Professor Roger G Cross of the University of Memphis, posted on "The Conversation".

[EDIT] words that are new for me:

نيسان - April (=أبريل)
محرر - editor
أصدر - to release
معان - meanings (plural of معنى)
ربع سنوية - quarterly
تضمين - inclusion
تموز - July (=يوليو)
مقال - article
Last edited by Saim on 2020-10-24, 8:42, edited 1 time in total.

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby voron » 2020-10-22, 17:56

Hey guys, nice to see this activity in the group!

I know Eskandar is all into MSA, but take a look at this resource I found:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_ ... p=CAISAigB

It's AlJazeera documentaries, and many of their videos are in Arabic dialects and have subtitles that actually match what's being said! The link I gave above filters all the videos with subtitles, some of them are in MSA, and others are in Egyptian/Syrian/Lebanese.

As an example, check this video about a Syrian guy who moved to the Netherlands and how he learnt Dutch. There are no English subtitles so what I suggest doing is translating the Arabic subtitles:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAzueWDyjzE

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby Saim » 2020-10-24, 8:38

Yeah, we could definitely look at that! Maybe we should make separate threads for MSA and vernacular Arabic?

I opened a thread for studying Middle Eastern dialects here.

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby eskandar » 2020-10-24, 16:44

ويطمح قاموس أوكسفورد الإنجليزي إلى أن يكون السجل الأكثر شمولا وكاملا للغة الإنجليزية وتاريخها، وفي عام 1884 تم إصدار أجزاء من الطبعة الأولى، ولم يكتمل حتى عام 1928. على مدى السنوات التالية، تم نشر مجلدات إضافية من الكلمات الجديدة لتكملة الإصدار الأول، وتم دمجها في الإصدار الثاني الذي ظهر في عام 1989. هذا هو الإصدار الذي يوجد في معظم المكتبات. وفي عام 1992 تبعه إصدار رقمي على قرص مضغوط.

And the Oxford English Dictionary aims to be the most inclusive and complete [dictionary] for the English language and its history, and in the year 1884 parts of the first edition were issued, and it wasn't completed until the year 1928. During the following years, additional volumes were published of new words to complete the first edition. And they were integrated into the second edition which appeared in the year 1989. This is the edition that exists in most libraries. And in the year 1992 it was followed by a digital release on CD.

دمج في enter, be inserted/incorporated/integrated into
رقمي digital
قرص مضغوط CD
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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby eskandar » 2020-10-24, 17:22

voron wrote:take a look at this resource I found ...

Very cool resource - I'll follow along with the thread Saim started though like you said spoken Arabic isn't my focus right now :)
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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby Saim » 2020-10-30, 8:26

في مارس/آذار 2000، أطلق القاموس نسخة على الإنترنت. بالنسبة لهذه الطبعة الجديدة، راجع المحررون التعريفات التي يرجع تاريخها إلى الإصدار الأول، والتي يزيد عمرها في كثير من الحالات عن قرن من الزمان. ونظرًا لحجمها، لن تظهر هذه الطبعة الثالثة في شكل مطبوع، وقد لا تكتمل هذه المراجعات حتى عام 2034.

In March of 2000 the Dictionary launched an online version. For this version editors have revised definitions dating back to the first version, which is more than a century ago in some cases. Because of its size, this third addition will not appear in printed form, and these revisions may not be complete by the year 2034.

آذار - March (=مارس)
نسخة - copy
طبعة - printing, edition
راجع, يُرَاجِعُ‎‎ - to revise
نظرًا - due to, on account of
مطبوع - printed
مراجعة - revision, review

---

By the way, I've been adding all the new words I'm coming across to a Memrise deck (along with audio from forvo, or TTS where none is available): https://app.memrise.com/course/5809466/ ... l_12931379 . It's probably not going to be particularly useful for you guys since we all have different vocabulary levels (although I guess you can skip any words you already know) and I think I'm the only one here who uses Memrise, but I've posted it on the off chance it's useful to someone.

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby eskandar » 2020-10-31, 0:16

قديم وجديد
New and old

تعطي التحديثات الخاصة المتعلقة بفيروس كورونا لمحة عن كيف يمكن للغة أن تتغير بسرعة في مواجهة الاضطراب الاجتماعي والاقتصادي غير المسبوق. على سبيل المثال، تتمثل أحد آثار الجائحة في أنه وضع مصطلحات طبية كانت غامضة سابقًا ضمن الكلام اليومي.

The special updates related to the Coronavirus give a glimpse into how language can change quickly when facing unprecedented social and economic turmoil. For example, one of the effects of the pandemic is represented in incorporating medical expressions that were previously obscure into daily speech.

لمحة a glimpse
تمثل في انه to present itself, be represented, be visible, find visual expression

Saim wrote:By the way, I've been adding all the new words I'm coming across to a Memrise deck...

What do you (and others) think about keeping track of vocabulary together on a shared spreadsheet (like on Google Sheets or something)? If we worked out a standard format (eg. what other details to include, such as phrase/sentence in which the word was encountered) it could make it easy for each of us to export from the spreadsheet into our preferred apps like Memrise, Anki, etc. Just thinking out loud here about whether there are good ways to productively share the materials each of us has been generating for ourselves.
Please correct my mistakes in any language.

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby Saim » 2020-11-29, 8:08

eskandar wrote:What do you (and others) think about keeping track of vocabulary together on a shared spreadsheet (like on Google Sheets or something)? If we worked out a standard format (eg. what other details to include, such as phrase/sentence in which the word was encountered) it could make it easy for each of us to export from the spreadsheet into our preferred apps like Memrise, Anki, etc. Just thinking out loud here about whether there are good ways to productively share the materials each of us has been generating for ourselves.


Yeah, that could work.

I feel like for nouns we would need to show gender and at least one plural form (when there's more than one).
For verbs one past and non-past form, the non-past form should have harakat.
Masdars I would treat as separate nouns essentially.

The only thing is that I don't know if we have any dictionaries that realiably show gender for all Arabic nouns. :hmm: Almaany doesn't and Wiktionary isn't comprehensive enough.

eskandar wrote:قديم وجديد
New and old

تعطي التحديثات الخاصة المتعلقة بفيروس كورونا لمحة عن كيف يمكن للغة أن تتغير بسرعة في مواجهة الاضطراب الاجتماعي والاقتصادي غير المسبوق. على سبيل المثال، تتمثل أحد آثار الجائحة في أنه وضع مصطلحات طبية كانت غامضة سابقًا ضمن الكلام اليومي.

The special updates related to the Coronavirus give a glimpse into how language can change quickly when facing unprecedented social and economic turmoil. For example, one of the effects of the pandemic is represented in incorporating medical expressions that were previously obscure into daily speech.


غامض - mysterious, obscure

The new words are starting to thin out for me!

Next paragraph:

تقليديا، يقوم محررو القاموس بتضمين المصطلحات العلمية والتقنية فقط إذا حققت درجة معينة من الانتشار خارج مجال تخصصاتها. هذا هي الحال بالنسبة لأسماء بعض الأدوية الشائعة، مثل عقار "ديكساميثازون" (Dexaméthasone) الذي يقول أطباء بريطانيون إنه قلل من معدل الوفيات المرتبطة بمرض كورونا.

Traditionally, the editors of the dictionary would only include scientific and technical terms if they had gained a certain level of prevalence outside of their field of specialisation. This is the case of the names of a couple of popular medicines, such as the drug "Dexamethasone", which British doctors say has reduced the number of deaths connected to COVID-19.

وكانت المصطلحات المتعلقة بالعزلة الاجتماعية موجودة قبل مدة طويلة من جائحة كورونا، لكنها أصبحت أكثر شيوعًا في عام 2020 الذي شهد تزايدا في استخدام مصطلحات كعزل ذاتي وحجر صحي وغيرهما.

Terms related to social isolation existed a long time before the coronavirus pandemic, but they gained popularity in 2020, which saw an increase in the use of terms like "self-isolation", "quarantine" and so on.

وتظهر بعض الاختلافات الإقليمية أيضًا في لغة كورونا، فقد كان مصطلح العزلة الذاتية هو المصطلح المفضل في اللغة الإنجليزية البريطانية، في حين يتم استخدام الحجر الصحي الذاتي بشكل أكثر شيوعًا في الولايات المتحدة، ونظرًا لأن قاموس أوكسفورد الإنجليزي يتم تحريره ونشره في إنجلترا، فإن الاستخدامات البريطانية لها الأولوية في القاموس.

Some regional differences in terminology related to the coronavirus can be seen: the term "self-isolation" was the preferred term in British English, while in the US "self-quarantine" was in more common use, and given the fact that the Oxford English Dictionary is edited and published in England, British usage is prioritised in the dictionary.

استعارة الحرب
منذ اندلاع جائحة كورونا، لم يتوقف قادة العالم عن استعارة تعبير "الحرب" لوصف سياسات التعامل مع انتشار الفيروس المستجد، وأصبحت لغة الجائحة عسكرية للغاية، فنحن "نحارب" الفيروس، ولدى أجسامنا آليات "دفاع" ضد مسببات الأمراض التي "تغزوها".

War metaphors
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, word leaders have not stopped borrowing (?) the expression "war" to describe policies dealing with the spread of the novel coronavirus, and the language of pandemic has become extremely bellicose, as we "fight" the virus and our bodies have "defense' mechanisms against pathogens that "invade" it.

استعارة - "metaphor" makes more sense here, but where it is after عن I imagine it is the masdar of استعار to borrow? Or no? Not sure how to decypher this part of the paragraph.
غزا - to invade
مسبب - causing, causative (in the compound مسبب المرض, pathogen; i.e. something causing diseases, almaany also lists مِمْراض for pathogen)

وإذ تبدو الاستعارة المجازية لا مفر منها للتعبير عن عدم كفاية المعنى المباشر حتى لو كانت الحرب ضد عدو غير مرئي، يقول باحثون في اللغة إن استخدام استعارات الحرب يشبه النبوءة الذاتية التحقق، أي أن شيوعها قد يجلب أعباء الحرب إلى الواقع، كما أن استخدام لغة القتال والحرب عند التفكير في المرض يمكن أن يقفز على الدروس المستفادة منه والمشاكل الهيكلية العميقة التي كشفتها الجائحة.

And although the use of a metaphor may seem inevitable to the expression of the lack of a direct meaning (??) even if the war is against an invisible enemy, language researchers say that the use of war metaphors resembles a self-fulfilling prophecy, namely that their prevalence may bring the burdens of war into reality. Also, the use of battle and war language when thinking about disease (can have us skip on? jump away from?) the lessons (that can be gained?) from the deep structural problems the pandemic has exposed.

بَدَا, يَبْدُو - appear
عبء - burden
أي - (here) namely
قفز, يَقْفِزُ‎‎ - jump, leap

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby Saim » 2020-12-12, 13:16

ومع ذلك، لم يتوقف القادة السياسيون عن استخدام استعارات الحرب، ففي البدء تعهد رئيس الصين شي جين بينغ بشن "حرب شعبية" على الفيروس، وتوالت الاستجابة مع انتقال الجائحة لأوروبا، حيث أعلن الرئيس الفرنسي إيمانويل ماكرون أن البلاد في حالة حرب مع "عدو غير مرئي بعيد المنال".

Nonetheless, political leaders have not stopped using war metaphors, and in the beginning Chinese President Xi Jinping pledge to launch a "people's war" against the virus, and this response continued with the spread of the virus to Europe, where French President Emmanuel Macron declared that the country is in a "state of war" against a "remote, invisible enemy".

شن - launch
غير مرئي - invisible
بعيد المنال - remote, distant

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby vijayjohn » 2020-12-27, 17:48

I'm waaaaay worse at Arabic than any of you, but I'm also Vijay, so of course I'll try my hand at any linguistic challenge anyway! :lol:

وقال المفوض الإيطالي الخاص لحالات الطوارئ الناجمة عن الفيروس التاجي إن على البلاد أن تجهز نفسها لـ"اقتصاد حرب"، واعتبر رئيس الوزراء البريطاني بوريس جونسون أن معركة مواطنيه مع الجائحة "تم فيها تجنيد كل مواطن". وفي الولايات المتحدة وصف الرئيس الأميركي دونالد ترامب نفسه بكونه "رئيسا في زمن الحرب"، وفي مصر أطلق الإعلام تعبير "جيش مصر الأبيض" لوصف الأطباء الذين يتعاملون مع المرض.

The Special Italian Commissioner for Emergency Situations Resulting From the Coronavirus said that countries should prepare for a "wartime economy." British prime minister Boris Johnson considered a national war with the pandemic to "consist of a draft of all citizens." In the United States, American president Donald Trump described himself as a "wartime president," and in Egypt, the media dubbed doctors dealing with patients the "white army of Egypt."

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby marlztone » 2021-05-02, 10:22

Saim wrote:
eskandar wrote:What do you (and others) think about keeping track of vocabulary together on a shared spreadsheet (like on Google Sheets or something)? If we worked out a standard format (eg. what other details to include, such as phrase/sentence in which the word was encountered) it could make it easy for each of us to export from the spreadsheet into our preferred apps like Memrise, Anki, etc. Just thinking out loud here about whether there are good ways to productively share the materials each of us has been generating for ourselves.


I feel like for nouns we would need to show gender and at least one plural form (when there's more than one).
For verbs one past and non-past form, the non-past form should have harakat.
Masdars I would treat as separate nouns essentially.

The only thing is that I don't know if we have any dictionaries that realiably show gender for all Arabic nouns. :hmm: Almaany doesn't and Wiktionary isn't comprehensive enough.


Hi, I am new here. This is my first post to Unilang. Please forgive me if I am posting out of place or should not post. I do not know all of the ins and outs of the community or its etiquette yet.

In response to the above, I think that Hanz Wehr does a pretty good job at showing the gender of Arabic nouns that are not very obvious. That may be a good resource to use when creating the vocab list. I think that creating such a list is a good plan. I have found it difficult to find good word lists. In some places, the dialect may understand a word differently than in another place. If any of you have knowledge about differences in meaning from one place to another (slang, for example), it might be a good idea to make a note of that as well.

If it is alright, I will try to read the 15 or so pages of posts and try to understand what you have all been learning in the study group. I am looking forward to meeting others who appreciate learning languages!!

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby eskandar » 2022-01-21, 19:44

Anyone still around, studying Arabic?
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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby Antea » 2022-01-22, 8:06

I am always studying Arabic :roll:

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby eskandar » 2022-01-23, 2:08

What are you using to study these days?
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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby vijayjohn » 2022-01-23, 5:03

I haven't been doing any serious study of Arabic lately (since my last TAC round...), but I have been kind of toying with LangMedia in several varieties of Arabic (particularly North African varieties, precisely because these are among the ones I'm least familiar with!) and also very, very slowly attempting to read my personal copy of ألف ليلة وليلة!

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Re: Arabic Study Group

Postby Antea » 2022-01-23, 17:45

I watch the Jordanian TV, and some videos on Youtube. I also read articles and magazines.


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