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Kavkaz wrote:What about this sentence: მოსკოვში და ლენინგრადში ზამთარში ცივა.
What type of verb is ცივა? The glossary has two verbs listed, ცივ-ა and მ-ცივ-ა. I know the latter is a IV conj. verb, but what about the former? Also, the third person "he is cold" would be სცივა, correct?
Kavkaz wrote:This sentence plays on the fact that the unconjugated უნდა (must, have to, should) is identical in form to the 3rd person singular უნდა (s/he wants).
ჩემს სტუდენტს არ უნდა მათემატიკა ისწავლოს, მაგრამ მან ის უნდა ისწავლოს!
I just want to make sure I understand how both function properly, so if we swapped the 3rd person singular for the first person singular, would the sentence change to this?
(მე) არ მინდა მათემატიკა ვისწავლო, მაგრამ (მე) ის უნდა ვისწავლო!
Kavkaz wrote:My next question is about the verb ეწვევა. Is it a II. conjugation root verb ending in -ev (addressed in 15.1.4 in Aronson's grammar)? If so, is it parsed as ე-წვევ-ა, where ე- shows that it is relative and takes the ჰ/ს-series indirect object markers?
If that's the case, would these be the correct forms for the aorist?
The 3rd person indirect object markers ჰ- | ს- are not used consistently in modern Georgian. They are often found where, according to the norm, they should not occur, and, vice sersa, often fail to occur in forms where, according to the norm, they should.
Kavkaz wrote:(a) გამომეტყველება უნდა იყოს მრავლისმთქმელი
For a subject, the optative governs whatever case the corresponding aorist takes, right? And the aorist of ყოფნა is just the nominative, and that's why გამომეტყველება is in the nominative? Similarly, if it was a II. conj. verb in the optative, the subject would be in the nominative?
Kavkaz wrote:ადამიანს უნდა შეეძლოს მასში რაღაც ამოუცნობის შეგრძნება.
Now I think here ადამიანი is the subject and is in the dative because შეეძლება is a IV. conj verb, and for all screeves of the IV. conj. the subject is in the dative. Correct?
Kavkaz wrote:(b) მანეკები შეიძლება ლამაზებიც კი არ იყვნენ, მაგრამ მათი სახე უნდა მეტყველებდეს.
My question here is why is the present conjunctive მეტყველებდეს being used and not the optative?
უნდა plus conjunctive. This construction often has the meaning 'is supposed to, should.'
რომ თავისი დღენი ქუდით უნდა ბუზს ერეკებოდეს. '[...] that he should chase flies away with a hat all his life.'
ერთი გაჰყევი ჯონს და აჩვენე იქ სად უნდა დაბინავდეს. 'Please just accompany John and show him where he is supposed to be housed.
Kavkaz wrote:(c) Another question. Why is the future of მძულს I hate შემძულდება? I'm mostly puzzled by the addition of the -დ- before the ending. I thought the rule for forming the future of IV. conj. verbs was drop the present/future stem formant and add -ებ-. Is this an anomaly or something that happens commonly? I would have thought the future first person singular form would be მეძულება (which Google and Aronson both confirm exists).
And things are only further complicated by the sentence სტალინს სძულდა საქართველო which lacks the შე- pre-verb that the same book just said is a feature of the future of სძულს (and I thought the aorist was based on the future form).
Type I, Class 3 verbs of the third diathesis regularly produce imperfect and present conjunctive forms, but do not produce series II forms. In the colloquial language, many speakers substitute imperfect screeve forms suffixed in -დ for them in the aorist. In addition to this, Type I, Class 3 verbs rarely generate future group forms, but, when they do, they are produced in a regular manner: by adding the double present thematic suffix -ებ-ი (which is characteristic of second diathesis dynamic verbs) to the presumed aorist form. Finally, note that series III forms of Type I , Class 3 verbs are produced like second diathesis bipersonal indirect transitive dynamic verbs, but usually without preverbs.
(This is why Shanidze called these mediopassive verbs: they "borrow" their missing screeves from დონიანი verbs and their future group and series III forms are produced like dynamic passive structure verbs.)
Kavkaz wrote:Oh ok, I see, thanks. I'll have to get to the Continuing Course text eventually
księżycowy wrote:Kavkaz wrote:Oh ok, I see, thanks. I'll have to get to the Continuing Course text eventually
Just here to break the bad news that that textbook is out of print. It's rather hard to find used copies as well.
Kavkaz wrote:
Really? I went to Slavica's website and they appear to sell it there for around $45.
https://slavica.indiana.edu/bookListing ... an_Culture
księżycowy wrote:Kavkaz wrote:
Really? I went to Slavica's website and they appear to sell it there for around $45.
https://slavica.indiana.edu/bookListing ... an_Culture
Last time I checked, which mind you was a few years ago, they still had it listed on their site and yet the book was OOP. I actually emailed them to inquire, precisely because it was still listed.
It is possible they have/could print it again, but given the interest in Georgian it's probably not very likely, unfortunately.
Also, notice the Amazon button under the price for the link to buy it. It brings up the Amazon page that says it's unavailable.
Kavkaz wrote:Thanks for the exhaustive answer, HoneyBuzzard. That book you cited sounds interesting; too bad it's from Dunwoody Press, who as far as I can tell has gone out of business, and the only books of theirs that are on the market are incredibly expensive.
Kavkaz wrote:I hope that's not the case, as I'd like to get a copy...compared to other Georgian resources, $45 is pretty affordable.
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