The orthography. along with the letters of the Spanish-based transliteration used in this thread. Some of the values given are speculative. Beale-Rivaya asserts that a) /s/ and /ʃ/ are allophonic, especially from the 13th century onwards, b) ز is realised as /dʒ/, adn c) ز and ذ are homophonic, even in Mozarabic. These assertions, however speculative they be, are reflected in the table for the time being -- until proof that assert to the contrary present themselves.
Code: Select all
ا a, é
ب b, p
ت t
ث** t ~ s
ج j /(d)ʒ/, ch /tʃ/
ح h
خ h
د d
ذ** z
ر r
ز z or j* /(d)ʒ/
س c _(e,i), elsewhere ç /s/
ش s /s̪ ~ ʃ/
ص s (or /ts/?)
ض d
ط t
ظ d
ع h /ø/
غ g
ف f
ق c (sporadically g)
ك c
ل l
م m
ہ h /ø/
و o, u, gu
ي i, y