Ok, so the grammar (and possibly vocabulary) is a bit different between QQQ and QLAIC, so I'll just use QLAIC for pronunciation purposes for now. Don't want to get bogged down by dialectal differences at this point. I'm also attempting to see if I can get the tapes that go with QQQ. I'm not holding my breath, but it's worth a shot.
Anyway, update time!
Personal Pronouns:
Person | Singular | Plural |
1st | noqa | noqayku / noqanchis* |
2nd | qan | qankuna |
3rd | pay | paykuna |
A few things to note:
noqayku = we (exclusive) [listener not included]
noqanchis = we (inclusive) [listener included]
-kuna, as in the 2nd and 3rd person plural pronouns, is the plural suffix. (But I'm getting ahead of myself here.
)
Present Progressive of Verbs:
Person | Singular | Plural |
1st | -shani | -shayku / -shanchis* |
2nd | -shanki | -shakichis |
3rd | -shan | -shanku |
Again, some things to note:
The progressive form (which strictly speaking is just the bolded -
sha- in the above table) is the -ing form of the verb. It can be used with any tense.
The endings after the progressive form are the personal pronoun suffixes.
*-shayku = exclusive
-shanchis = inclusive
Suffixes:
-mi = testimonial* suffix for words ending in a consonant
-n = testimonial* suffix for words ending in a vowel
-pi = locative suffix (at, in)
* "testimonial" means that the speaker is either showing or asking for first-hand knowledge that has no doubt. These two suffixes are also called "emphatic."
Demonstrative Pronouns:
kay = this, these
chay = that, those (near)
haqay = that, those (far)
An interesting thing to note is that
kay is also the verb "to be" in Quechua.
Thus, in the examples below
kasha- is the progressive form of the verb.
A few example sentences:
Noqa wasipi kashani.
I Home-LOC be-I.
I am at home.
Qan ñanpi kashanki.
You road-LOC be-you.
You are at/on [the] road.
Pay chaypimi kashan.
He/she there-LOC-EMP be-he/she.
He is there. (there is no doubt)