Oneida (Onʌyotaʔa:ka)
Oneida has no adjectives. It has verbs with adjectival meaning:
-atunháhele = to be happy
yakotunháhele (yako- + -atunháhele) = she is happy.
-attókha = to be smart
luttókha (lu- + -attókha) = they are smart
An adjectival verb can incorporate nouns:
-owa•nʌ́ = to be big
kanúhsote = house, building
kanuhsowa•nʌ́ = (it's) a big house
Creek (Mvskoke)
ADVERBS
adjective+n
hvlvlatkē = 'slow' -- hvlvlatkēn = 'slowly'
Cepanat hvlvlatkēn lētkes (The-boy slowly is-running) = The boy is running slowly.
Hoktē atvmo lvsten hvlvlatkēn svtohkes (woman-a car black-indef. slowly is-driving) = A woman is driving a black car slowly.
In the previous chapter, I had understood that a noun in the basic form like hoktē is definite, but in this chapter the basic form has an indefinite meaning. I also understood that when a noun ends in -at, it is indefinite, but in the sentence above it is definite. The sentences in the previous chapter that led me to that conclusion are the following:
Hoktē vholocē hēces (Woman-definite-subject cloud-definite-object see-3pers) = The woman sees the cloud.
Cepanat svtv catan hompes (boy-indefinite.subject apple red-definite.object eat-3sing) = A boy is eating the red apple.
The translations (and the glosses of the first sentence) are given in the book (pages 47 and 49). Are they perhaps wrong?
Blackfoot (Aamsskáápipikani)
If I want to say "I can ..." I have to combine the verb root akot-/akoz (to can) with the main verb:
nitakozaipuyi (nit-akoz-ai-puyi) = I can speak.
The verb "to want" is aiahs(i):
nitaiahsuyi (nit-aiahs-uyi) = I want to eat.
The verb "to go to (do)" is formed by oto and the main verb:
nitakotoaisumosi (nitak-oto-aisumosi) = I go to get water.
To say "try to" I have to use asak-:
nitasaksami (nit-asak-sami)= I try tu hunt