Literal meanings of common greetings/salutations

[linguoboy]

Hello. How are you?
Hallo. Hello. Wie geht's? How does it go?
God dag. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Hur är läget? How is the "position"?
Go daa. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Höss ä rä mä re? How is it with you? Ä ru hörk? Are you healthy/alert? (Värmlandic)

Bon dia. Good day. Què hi ha? What is there?
Buenos días. Good days. ¿Cómo está Usted? How are you?
Bonjour. Good day. Comment allez-vous? How do you go?
Bom dia. Good day. Como vai você? How do you go?

Здравствуйте! Be healthy/well. Как дела? How is business/affairs?
Dobrý den. Good day Jak se máte? How are you having yourself?

Dia dhuit. God to you. Dia's Muire dhuit. God and Mary to you. Conas tánn tú? [Munster usage] How are you? (Historically the verb tá, which tánn is a form of, is said to have meant "to stand")

Γεια, πώς είσαι; Hello (< Health), how are you?
Γεια, νάμπου κάμνεις; Hello (< Health), what are you up to?

Tere. Hello (historically from terve 'healthy, complete'). Kuidas läheb? How does it go?
Tereq. Hello (historically from terveq 'healthy, complete'). Kuis käsi käü? How does the hand/arm go?
Terve. Literally 'healthy'. Miten menee? How does it go? / How is it going? Mitä kuuluu? What is heard? Mitäs sinä? What you? (maybe from 'what are you doing')
Szia. Hi (Historically from Servus, meaning Servant). Mi újság? (What new?)
Поро кечe. Good day. Поро кечет лийже. May your day be good.Кузе илет? How are you living?
Паро чи. Good day. Шумбрачи! Health!

こんにちは this day + topic particle (Historically spelled 今日は) おはようございます it's early (used whenever someone shows up early, not just in the morning) いらっしゃいませ、いらっしゃい [Please] come in/go in/be in [here]! (Used as a greeting in shops. Derived from the verb いる "to come in/go in/arrive/be in one place") お元気ですか。 Are [you] lively/energetic/healthy? じゃ。 well (used when leaving)
[Osaka] 毎度! every time (related to the greeting used by shopkeepers, 'thank you for every time' = 'thank you for your patronage') もうかりまっか？ (related to もうかる / もうかりますか) is it profitable?

你好! you good! 你吃飯了嗎? have you eaten?

བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས Good luck and blessings.

Nyob zoo. Live well. Koj puas noj qab nyob zoo? Do you eat and live well?

I ni tile! You and the sun! I ka kεnε? Are you well?

Háu. Hello/ yes/no (with negatives). Only used (or initiated) by male speakers. Toníkhetu? how are you? what/how is your condition?

Nya:wëh sgë:nö'. [I'm] thankful [for my/your] well-being/peace. Sadögweta'? Are you well/in good health?
Sgę:nǫˀ Peaceful. (Used as a way to say "hello" and to ask about one's well-being/health, as in the second phrase) Sgę:nǫˀ gęh? Is everything peaceful?

[Aleut] Aang. Yes.
[Yup'ik] Aqaa/Waqaa. What do you want? What are you doing here? (Not used exactly like English 'hello,' but it can be used as a greeting. An example would be having a conversation on the phone.)

Biix a beel? How is your path? Ba'ax ka wa'alik? What do you say?

[JackFrost]

It never hits me that we're that "vous" averse, even where it's fairly foreseen. I've never really hear "comment vas-tu" or "comment allez-vous" here. Just simply "ça va" for practically all situations.

Hello. How are you?
Hallo. Hello. Wie geht's? How does it go?
God dag. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Hur är läget? How is the "position"?
Go daa. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Höss ä rä mä re? How is it with you? Ä ru hörk? Are you healthy/alert? (Värmlandic)

Bon dia. Good day. Què hi ha? What is there?
Buenos días. Good days. ¿Cómo está Usted? How are you?
Bonjour. Good day. Comment allez-vous? How do you go?
Bonjour. Good day. Ça va? It goes [well]?
Bom dia. Good day. Como vai você? How do you go?

Здравствуйте! Be healthy/well. Как дела? How is business/affairs?
Dobrý den. Good day Jak se máte? How are you having yourself?

Dia dhuit. God to you. Dia's Muire dhuit. God and Mary to you. Conas tánn tú? [Munster usage] How are you? (Historically the verb tá, which tánn is a form of, is said to have meant "to stand")

Γεια, πώς είσαι; Hello (< Health), how are you?
Γεια, νάμπου κάμνεις; Hello (< Health), what are you up to?

Tere. Hello (historically from terve 'healthy, complete'). Kuidas läheb? How does it go?
Tereq. Hello (historically from terveq 'healthy, complete'). Kuis käsi käü? How does the hand/arm go?
Terve. Literally 'healthy'. Miten menee? How does it go? / How is it going? Mitä kuuluu? What is heard? Mitäs sinä? What you? (maybe from 'what are you doing')
Szia. Hi (Historically from Servus, meaning Servant). Mi újság? (What new?)
Поро кечe. Good day. Поро кечет лийже. May your day be good.Кузе илет? How are you living?
Паро чи. Good day. Шумбрачи! Health!

こんにちは this day + topic particle (Historically spelled 今日は) おはようございます it's early (used whenever someone shows up early, not just in the morning) いらっしゃいませ、いらっしゃい [Please] come in/go in/be in [here]! (Used as a greeting in shops. Derived from the verb いる "to come in/go in/arrive/be in one place") お元気ですか。 Are [you] lively/energetic/healthy? じゃ。 well (used when leaving)
[Osaka] 毎度! every time (related to the greeting used by shopkeepers, 'thank you for every time' = 'thank you for your patronage') もうかりまっか？ (related to もうかる / もうかりますか) is it profitable?

你好! you good! 你吃飯了嗎? have you eaten?

བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས Good luck and blessings.

Nyob zoo. Live well. Koj puas noj qab nyob zoo? Do you eat and live well?

I ni tile! You and the sun! I ka kεnε? Are you well?

Háu. Hello/ yes/no (with negatives). Only used (or initiated) by male speakers. Toníkhetu? how are you? what/how is your condition?

Nya:wëh sgë:nö'. [I'm] thankful [for my/your] well-being/peace. Sadögweta'? Are you well/in good health?
Sgę:nǫˀ Peaceful. (Used as a way to say "hello" and to ask about one's well-being/health, as in the second phrase) Sgę:nǫˀ gęh? Is everything peaceful?

[Aleut] Aang. Yes.
[Yup'ik] Aqaa/Waqaa. What do you want? What are you doing here? (Not used exactly like English 'hello,' but it can be used as a greeting. An example would be having a conversation on the phone.)

Biix a beel? How is your path? Ba'ax ka wa'alik? What do you say?[/quote]

[Homine.Sardu]

Added Sardinian

Hello. How are you?
Hallo. Hello. Wie geht's? How does it go?
God dag. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Hur är läget? How is the "position"?
Go daa. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Höss ä rä mä re? How is it with you? Ä ru hörk? Are you healthy/alert? (Värmlandic)

Bon dia. Good day. Què hi ha? What is there?
Buenos días. Good days. ¿Cómo está Usted? How are you?
Bonjour. Good day. Comment allez-vous? How do you go?
Bonjour. Good day. Ça va? It goes [well]?
Bom dia. Good day. Como vai você? How do you go?
Bona die. Good day. Coment'andamus? How do we go? Comente ses / sètis? How are you / You?
Coment'ìstas / istàdes? How do you / You stay? Coment'ìstat vosté? How does he / she stays?

Здравствуйте! Be healthy/well. Как дела? How is business/affairs?
Dobrý den. Good day Jak se máte? How are you having yourself?

Dia dhuit. God to you. Dia's Muire dhuit. God and Mary to you. Conas tánn tú? [Munster usage] How are you? (Historically the verb tá, which tánn is a form of, is said to have meant "to stand")

Γεια, πώς είσαι; Hello (< Health), how are you?
Γεια, νάμπου κάμνεις; Hello (< Health), what are you up to?

Tere. Hello (historically from terve 'healthy, complete'). Kuidas läheb? How does it go?
Tereq. Hello (historically from terveq 'healthy, complete'). Kuis käsi käü? How does the hand/arm go?
Terve. Literally 'healthy'. Miten menee? How does it go? / How is it going? Mitä kuuluu? What is heard? Mitäs sinä? What you? (maybe from 'what are you doing')
Szia. Hi (Historically from Servus, meaning Servant). Mi újság? (What new?)
Поро кечe. Good day. Поро кечет лийже. May your day be good.Кузе илет? How are you living?
Паро чи. Good day. Шумбрачи! Health!

こんにちは this day + topic particle (Historically spelled 今日は) おはようございます it's early (used whenever someone shows up early, not just in the morning) いらっしゃいませ、いらっしゃい [Please] come in/go in/be in [here]! (Used as a greeting in shops. Derived from the verb いる "to come in/go in/arrive/be in one place") お元気ですか。 Are [you] lively/energetic/healthy? じゃ。 well (used when leaving)
[Osaka] 毎度! every time (related to the greeting used by shopkeepers, 'thank you for every time' = 'thank you for your patronage') もうかりまっか？ (related to もうかる / もうかりますか) is it profitable?

你好! you good! 你吃飯了嗎? have you eaten?

བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས Good luck and blessings.

Nyob zoo. Live well. Koj puas noj qab nyob zoo? Do you eat and live well?

I ni tile! You and the sun! I ka kεnε? Are you well?

Háu. Hello/ yes/no (with negatives). Only used (or initiated) by male speakers. Toníkhetu? how are you? what/how is your condition?

Nya:wëh sgë:nö'. [I'm] thankful [for my/your] well-being/peace. Sadögweta'? Are you well/in good health?
Sgę:nǫˀ Peaceful. (Used as a way to say "hello" and to ask about one's well-being/health, as in the second phrase) Sgę:nǫˀ gęh? Is everything peaceful?

[Aleut] Aang. Yes.
[Yup'ik] Aqaa/Waqaa. What do you want? What are you doing here? (Not used exactly like English 'hello,' but it can be used as a greeting. An example would be having a conversation on the phone.)

Biix a beel? How is your path? Ba'ax ka wa'alik? What do you say?

[księżycowy]

Fixing my explanation of the Seneca phrase nya:wëh sgë:nö’.

Hello. How are you?
Hallo. Hello. Wie geht's? How does it go?
God dag. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Hur är läget? How is the "position"?
Go daa. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Höss ä rä mä re? How is it with you? Ä ru hörk? Are you healthy/alert? (Värmlandic)

Bon dia. Good day. Què hi ha? What is there?
Buenos días. Good days. ¿Cómo está Usted? How are you?
Bonjour. Good day. Comment allez-vous? How do you go?
Bonjour. Good day. Ça va? It goes [well]?
Bom dia. Good day. Como vai você? How do you go?
Bona die. Good day. Coment'andamus? How do we go? Comente ses / sètis? How are you / You?
Coment'ìstas / istàdes? How do you / You stay? Coment'ìstat vosté? How does he / she stays?

Здравствуйте! Be healthy/well. Как дела? How is business/affairs?
Dobrý den. Good day Jak se máte? How are you having yourself?

Dia dhuit. God to you. Dia's Muire dhuit. God and Mary to you. Conas tánn tú? [Munster usage] How are you? (Historically the verb tá, which tánn is a form of, is said to have meant "to stand")

Γεια, πώς είσαι; Hello (< Health), how are you?
Γεια, νάμπου κάμνεις; Hello (< Health), what are you up to?

Tere. Hello (historically from terve 'healthy, complete'). Kuidas läheb? How does it go?
Tereq. Hello (historically from terveq 'healthy, complete'). Kuis käsi käü? How does the hand/arm go?
Terve. Literally 'healthy'. Miten menee? How does it go? / How is it going? Mitä kuuluu? What is heard? Mitäs sinä? What you? (maybe from 'what are you doing')
Szia. Hi (Historically from Servus, meaning Servant). Mi újság? (What new?)
Поро кечe. Good day. Поро кечет лийже. May your day be good.Кузе илет? How are you living?
Паро чи. Good day. Шумбрачи! Health!

こんにちは this day + topic particle (Historically spelled 今日は) おはようございます it's early (used whenever someone shows up early, not just in the morning) いらっしゃいませ、いらっしゃい [Please] come in/go in/be in [here]! (Used as a greeting in shops. Derived from the verb いる "to come in/go in/arrive/be in one place") お元気ですか。 Are [you] lively/energetic/healthy? じゃ。 well (used when leaving)
[Osaka] 毎度! every time (related to the greeting used by shopkeepers, 'thank you for every time' = 'thank you for your patronage') もうかりまっか？ (related to もうかる / もうかりますか) is it profitable?

你好! you good! 你吃飯了嗎? have you eaten?

བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས Good luck and blessings.

Nyob zoo. Live well. Koj puas noj qab nyob zoo? Do you eat and live well?

I ni tile! You and the sun! I ka kεnε? Are you well?

Háu. Hello/ yes/no (with negatives). Only used (or initiated) by male speakers. Toníkhetu? how are you? what/how is your condition?

Nya:wëh sgë:nö'. [I'm] thankful you are well. Sadögweta'? Are you well/in good health?
Sgę:nǫˀ Peaceful. (Used as a way to say "hello" and to ask about one's well-being/health, as in the second phrase) Sgę:nǫˀ gęh? Is everything peaceful?

[Aleut] Aang. Yes.
[Yup'ik] Aqaa/Waqaa. What do you want? What are you doing here? (Not used exactly like English 'hello,' but it can be used as a greeting. An example would be having a conversation on the phone.)

Biix a beel? How is your path? Ba'ax ka wa'alik? What do you say?

[vijayjohn]

Attempting to fix literal translation of Mandarin (好 behaves like a verb in Mandarin), note about Hungarian, and italics; adding Malayalam

Hello. How are you?
Hallo. Hello. Wie geht's? How does it go?
God dag. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Hur är läget? How is the "position"?
Go daa. Good day. Hallå/Hej. Hello/Hi. Höss ä rä mä re? How is it with you? Ä ru hörk? Are you healthy/alert? (Värmlandic)

Bon dia. Good day. Què hi ha? What is there?
Buenos días. Good days. ¿Cómo está Usted? How are you?
Bonjour. Good day. Comment allez-vous? How do you go?
Bonjour. Good day. Ça va? It goes [well]?
Bom dia. Good day. Como vai você? How do you go?
Bona die. Good day. Coment'andamus? How do we go? Comente ses / sètis? How are you / You?
Coment'ìstas / istàdes? How do you / You stay? Coment'ìstat vosté? How does he / she stays?

Здравствуйте! Be healthy/well. Как дела? How is business/affairs?
Dobrý den. Good day Jak se máte? How are you having yourself?

Dia dhuit. God to you. Dia's Muire dhuit. God and Mary to you. Conas tánn tú? [Munster usage] How are you? (Historically the verb tá, which tánn is a form of, is said to have meant "to stand")

Γεια, πώς είσαι; Hello (< Health), how are you?
Γεια, νάμπου κάμνεις; Hello (< Health), what are you up to?

Tere. Hello (historically from terve 'healthy, complete'). Kuidas läheb? How does it go?
Tereq. Hello (historically from terveq 'healthy, complete'). Kuis käsi käü? How does the hand/arm go?
Terve. Literally 'healthy'. Miten menee? How does it go? / How is it going? Mitä kuuluu? What is heard? Mitäs sinä? What you? (maybe from 'what are you doing')
Szia. Hi (Historically from Latin servus, meaning servant/slave). Mi újság? (What new?)
Поро кечe. Good day. Поро кечет лийже. May your day be good.Кузе илет? How are you living?
Паро чи. Good day. Шумбрачи! Health!

നമസ്കാരം. (formal greeting and loanword from Sanskrit; literally something like 'bowing to the form') എങ്ങിനെ ഇരിക്കുന്നു? How be sitting? എങ്ങനുണ്ട്? How is there? എന്തുണ്ട്? What is there? എന്തോടുക്കുവാ? What be taking? എന്തോ വിശേഷം? What news? ചോറുണ്ടോ? (informal greeting) Did (you) eat rice?

こんにちは this day + topic particle (Historically spelled 今日は) おはようございます it's early (used whenever someone shows up early, not just in the morning) いらっしゃいませ、いらっしゃい [Please] come in/go in/be in [here]! (Used as a greeting in shops. Derived from the verb いる "to come in/go in/arrive/be in one place") お元気ですか。 Are [you] lively/energetic/healthy? じゃ。 well (used when leaving)
[Osaka] 毎度! every time (related to the greeting used by shopkeepers, 'thank you for every time' = 'thank you for your patronage') もうかりまっか？ (related to もうかる / もうかりますか) is it profitable?

你好! you are good! 你吃飯了嗎? have you eaten?

བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས Good luck and blessings.

Nyob zoo. Live well. Koj puas noj qab nyob zoo? Do you eat and live well?

I ni tile! You and the sun! I ka kεnε? Are you well?

Háu. Hello/ yes/no (with negatives). Only used (or initiated) by male speakers. Toníkhetu? how are you? what/how is your condition?

Nya:wëh sgë:nö'. [I'm] thankful you are well. Sadögweta'? Are you well/in good health?
Sgę:nǫˀ Peaceful. (Used as a way to say "hello" and to ask about one's well-being/health, as in the second phrase) Sgę:nǫˀ gęh? Is everything peaceful?

[Aleut] Aang. Yes.
[Yup'ik] Aqaa/Waqaa. What do you want? What are you doing here? (Not used exactly like English 'hello,' but it can be used as a greeting. An example would be having a conversation on the phone.)

Biix a beel? How is your path? Ba'ax ka wa'alik? What do you say?