Half of the corrections Eftychia gave are actually wrong.
A natural way to phrase it
Όχι, θέλω να μάθω μόνο ευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες.
Το επόμενο άτομο μπορεί να μιλήσει μόνο λίγα ελληνικά.
Now, the questions:
The person after me
The person below me
The next person
The following person
Το άτομο μετά από εμένα
Το άτομο κάτω από εμένα
Το επόμενο άτομο
Το άτομο
που ακολουθείI won't proclaim "το ακόλουθο άτομο" as completely wrong, but from my experience, we only use that phrase when we are going to state which would the next person/thing be. Eg, imagine this computer dialogue:
Η α
κόλουθη λειτουργία δεν μπορεί να εκτελεστεί: μετακίνηση φακέλου Folder1 στον φάκελο Folder2. Δεν υπάρχει ελεύθερος χώρος
The
following function could not be completed: moving Folder1 in Folder2. There's no free space.
At the μόνο θέλω part why can't I say θέλω μόνο?
Or is the second one simply too poetic?
You can absolutely say θέλω μόνο.
For me, it feels like the most natural way to phrase it is to infix the verb in the subjunctive though:
θέλω να μάθω
μόνο το Χ. I just want to learn X. Emphasis on that you wish something, on "θέλω". So that's the natural focus you want to have)
Other word orders are more natural with different meanings:
να μάθω θέλω μόνο! I just want to learn! (You can't have a noun here. Emphasis on what you want to do, the verb in the subjunctive goes first)
να μάθω θέλω μόνο το Χ! that's not natural. You can use a pronoun though: Να
το μάθω θέλω μόνο. Το here is the pronoun "it".
Similarly:
μόνο να μάθω θέλω! The only thing I want is to learn! (here, you emphasise "μόνο", that you only have this one wish)
Again, no noun possible, but you can use the pronoun that fits: μόνο να
το μάθω θέλω.
Is the τις article absolutely necessary in μάθω τις ευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες?
If yes then why?
Νο, it isn't.
If you use the definite article, it implies that you want to learn
all of them.
Example:
Η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση πρέπει να εκδίδει τους νόμους της
στις ευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες - The European Union must issue their laws in
the European languages (
all the languages [of EU])
(clumsy example but you get the point)
Μου αρέσει να μαθαίνω ευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες - I like learning European languages (some of them, not necessarily all of them).
When can I use που and when can I use ότι?
Ότι introduces secondary clauses, so you use it when you have a subordinate clause. There's another conjunction of this type: πως.
Μου είπαν
ότι αρρώστησες - They told me
that you got sick.
Μου είπαν
πως αρρώστησες - They told me
that you got sick.
Like in English, you can drop them. It sounds informal:
Μου είπαν αρρώστησες - They told me you got sick.
Now, I need a Greek speaker from Greece to tell me if ότι and πως have any difference in nuance, because as a Cypriot, I use them as exact synonyms.
Now, που sounds like the pronoun που, so you need to spot that in your sentence. The conjunction που introduces a secondary clause that is the result or the consequence of the primary clause:
Ήταν τόσο σκοτεινά,
που δεν έβλεπα Χριστό - It was so dark
that I couldn't see anything.
Αυτό το κεφάλαιο είναι τόσο σημαντικό,
που αν δεν το καταλάβεις θα κοπείς στις εξετάσεις - This chapter is so important,
so/that if you don't understand it, you will certainly fail the exams.
And here's που the pronoun:
Αυτός είναι
που με λήστεψε - That's
the one who stole from me.
How do I say Thanks in advice?
There's a fixed phrase for "thanks
in advance":
Ευχαριστώ
εκ των προτέρων.