azhong wrote:Können Sie meinen1 drei Sätze korrigieren? Danke im Voraus2.
1) Dieser Das3 ist ein Esel. Er hat keinen Namen4. Oder vielleicht hatte er einmal einen5, welchen ihnm6 sein Herr gab, als der Esel jung war. Aber das wissen wir nicht.
(This is a donkey. He has no name. Or perhaps he once had a name, which was given by his master when the donkey was young. But we don't know that.)
1meine drei Sätze: In the nominative and accusative Plural the Suffix for possessive articles is "-e".
2In new orthography, the "voraus" in the phrase "im Voraus" is treated as nominalized, because it behaves like a noun in taking an article "in dem Voraus".
3In introductions you usually use the phrase "Das ist
XY", even with persons.
4Name is a weak noun. Weak nouns are e.g. masculine nouns ending in "-e", like "der Kunde". These nouns take an "-n" in all forms except nominative singular:
der Kunde, des Kunden, dem Kunden, den Kunden; die Kunden, der Kunden, den Kunden, die Kunden.
5When an article stands for a whole noun phrase, it has to bear the case marking of the noun phrase it stands for - and here we would have "er hatte einmal einen [Namen]", accusative singular.
6"[...], welchen [direct object = accusative] ihm [indirect object = dative!] sein Herr [subjetct = nominative] gab, [...]" Yet a little better: "[...] welchen ihm sein Herr gegeben hatte,"
i.e. with Plusquamperfekt.
azhong wrote:2) Wir nur7 wissen zur Zeit nur, daßss8 der Esel schon alt wird, und dass sein Herr vorhabt9, ihn wegzugeben.
(We only know at the moment that the donkey already gets old, and that his master is planning to send him away.)
7"nur" is an adverb, so a kind of phrase in its own right. In putting it between the subject and the verb, you rendered the whole sentence ungrammatical, because now the verb doesn't occupy the 2
nd position in the sentence, but the 3
rd.
8In reformed orthography, "ß" can come only after long vowels; after short vowels, you have to write "ss".
9"vorhaben" is a verb, which (quite obviously) derives from "haben", so it inherits all irregularities of the latter: "er hat" > "er hat vor"/"(weil) er vorhat".
azhong wrote:3) Was wir gewußt zur Zeit gewusst10 haben, ist, dass der Esel schon alt wird, und dass sein Herr vorhabt, ihn wegzugeben.
(What we have known at the moment is that the donkey already gets old, and that his master is planning to send him away.)
10"Wir haben gewusst." > question: "Was haben wir gewusst?" > indirect question / subclause: "Was wir gewusst haben". In the last case the past participle and the auxiliary verb cannot be seperated.
One general remark: if you wanted to do some
consecutio-temporum-like exercises, I have no idea what you wanted to do. German, especially spoken German, has a tense system which is quite unrelated to the French or English one and rather reminds me of the Japanese one anyway. So what was the point of the two last sentences?