Oh well, so I didn't keep my promise after all. Anyway:
1. The "How to read Lezgi" course
over at my blog is now finished (unless I've omitted somthing)
2. Also from my blog:
my blog wrote:I'll just show you some things, withholding any comments until you ask some questions.
I. The subject (or the doer/experiencer).
Руш кIвализ хтана. The girl returned home.
Гада кIвализ хтанач. The boy didn't return home.
Гада кIвале авач. The boy is not home.
Рушаз гада акуна. The girl saw the boy.
Гададиз руш акунач. The boy didn't saw the girl.
Бубади гада кIвализ ракъурна. Father sent the boy home.
Гадади рушаз ич гана. The boy gave the apple to the girl.
Руша гададиз ич ганач. The girl didn't give the apple to the boy.
II. Participles. Do you know any other language which makes the following possible?
рушаз ич гайи гада - the boy who gave the apple to the girl
гадади ич гайи руш - the girl whom the boy gave the apple
гадади рушаз гайи ич - the apple which was given by the boy to the girl
3. From my website this time. Slants = my romanisation scheme.
Vowels:
high [i] /i/ и [y] /y/ уь [u] /u/ у
mid [e] /e/ е; э
low [{] /ae/ я [A] /a/ а
Notes:
* /a/ has two allophones: [A] and [V]; the former prevails in closed (esp. before uvulars and /r/) the latter in open syllables
* /a/ is also very often rounded after labialized consonants, which may then lose labialization. Thus, /k'wach/ 'foot' is pronounced [k_>_wQtS_h] or even [k_>QtS_h]
* /e/ is open (ie. [E]) in stressed syllables
* if a /vowel plus /n// sequence is not followed by a vowel, the /n/ may be deleted and the vowel nasalized. Thus /zun/ 'I' can be pronounced [zun] or [zu_~]
Stops:
voiced [b] /b/ б [d] /d/ д [g] /g/ г [g_w] /gw/ гв
aspirated [p_h] /p/ п [t_h] /t/ т [t_h_w] /tw/ тв [k_h] /k/ к [k_h_w] /kw/ кв [q_h] /qh/ хъ [q_h_w] /qhw/ хъв
unaspirated [p] /pp/ п [t] /tt/ т [t_w] /ttw/ тв [k] /kk/ к [k_w] /kkw/ кв [q] /q/ къ [q_w] /qw/ къв
ejective [p_>] /p'/ пI [t_>] /t'/ тI [t_>_w] /t'w/ тIв [k_>] /k'/ кI [k_>_w] /k'w/ кIв [q_>] /q'/ кь [q_>_w] /q'w/ кьв
Affricates and fricatives:
aspirated [ts_h] /c/ ц [ts_h_w] /cw/ цв [tS_h] /ch/ ч
unaspirated [ts] /cc/ ц [ts_w] /ccw/ цв [tS] /cch/ ч
ejective [ts_>] /c'/ цI [ts_>_w] /c'w/ цIв [tS_>] /ch'/ чI
fr vd [z] /z/ з [z_w] /zw/ зв [Z] /zh/ ж [R] /gh/ гъ [R_w] /ghw/ гъв
vless [f] /f/ ф [s] /s/ с [s_w] /sw/ св [S] /sh/ ш [x] /xh/ хь [X] /x/ х [X_w] /xw/ хв
All the rest:
nasals [m] /m/ м [n] /n/ н
liquids [l] /l/ л [r] /r/ р
glides [w] /w/ в [j] /j/ й
laryngeals [h] /h/ гь [?] /'/ ъ
Notes:
* /l/ is [5] after a back vowel at the end of a syllable and [l] elsewhere
* /w/ can be realized as [v] (esp. word-initially) or [B]
* pre-tonic /i/ syncope, may result in palatalization of the preceding consonant. Palatalized consonants occur also in careful pronunciation of Russian loanwords.
That would be it for the sounds of the standard Lezgi. Dialects, however, are a slightly different matter, as some of them have sound systems quite different from the standards.
* Axceh dialect group has the high back unrounded vowel /M/ corresponding to standard /u/ in non-labializing stems.
* /dz/ and /dZ/ occur in Kyre dialect group and also in some dialects of the Quba group; in the Axceh dialect group and the standard language these fell together with /z/ and /Z/. In the non-merging dialects /dz/ is marginal, occuring only in a handful of words, whereas /dZ/ is quite frequent, occuring in many Arabo-Perso-Turkic loanwords
* Several dialects (e.g. St'ur dialect of Quba dialect group) have /X\/ and /?\/ in Arabic loans. Q'urah dialect has /?\/ in native words in place of standard /R/
* Jark'i dialect has the voiced velar fricative /G/
* Gyne dialect has the uvular voiced stop /G\/
* Some dialects have the postalveolar labialized obstruent series: /tS_w/ /tS_h_w/ /tS_>_w/ /S_w/ /Z_w/; in some cases this series appears at the expense of the dental labialized one; in some cases the two co-exist
* Lastly, some dialects have lost the labialized consonants altogether (vowel rounding compensates for this loss).
That be it for now. Sorry if it's a bit messy. Anything unclear?