[Swahili] Academic translation of a book chapter 2

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Mgiligilani
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[Swahili] Academic translation of a book chapter 2

Postby Mgiligilani » 2010-07-11, 12:53

Chapter 2

Ways to Learn the Chinese Language
If, like many others, you have wanted to learn a language which is unique and not one that many people are familiar with, then why not consider learning Chinese? Below we provide you with some easy tips which can help you to learn a language, which is becoming increasingly essential in modern
life.
First, you need to look at the best way that You learn any subject. Are you someone who learns a language best when they rewrite phrases that they have heard? Or are you someone who finds it much easier to learn a language by rereading things over and over again?
You may find it much easier to learn the language if you either speak it out loud yourself, or hear someone else speaking it for you. But if you are unsure, then try practicing each technique that has been mentioned above, and you will soon see which of them will help you most to remember what you are learning more effectively.
Rewriting each phrase or word on to a page of a book will definitely help, as this means that you have something that you can refer back to if you are having problems.
It is also essential that you learn the 4 different tones that the Chinese people use when they speak. Each tone will be drawn over the word that is spoken in order to give it a different form of pronunciation.
The first tone that the Chinese people use is high but flat. This means that the voice stays flat and should not either rise or dip in any way. The second tone that the Chinese use is a rising tone, and the person’s voice should rise as they speak.
The third tone is known as the dipping tone, and when a word is spoken it will go up and then dip. While the fourth tone used when speaking Chinese is the lowering tone. When used, this makes the word being spoken sound manlier.
The best way of learning how the tones sound is through listening to a native speaker, as for many, actually getting an idea of what they should sound like simply by reading text is extremely difficult.
There are various ways that you can learn to speak Chinese, and below are some ways that you may want to try.
1.
In order to learn more phrases, you should try and get hold of a copy of “How to Learn Mandarin”. This you can easily do either through your local bookstore, or online through such sites as Amazon.
2.
Get hold of some CD’s which you can then play while driving your car, or while relaxing at home.
3.
If you are able to, and your local School or College are offering them, then take part in an introductory course to learning Chinese. This is probably one of the best ways to not only gain confidence in speaking the language, but also help to ensure that you pronounce the words and tones correctly. By doing such a course, a person will be able to have a solid foundation for then learning the language on their own.
4.
Another way of helping yourself to learn the language more effectively is by using flashcards, which can be extremely helpful. However, when using this system, it is also important that you practice each word that you learn by using it in sentences.
When it actually comes to learning any language, and not just Chinese, persistence is the key. Say you have learned something, then you should not stop studying it or repeating what you have
learned, otherwise you will find that you will forget it.
Certainly practice is essential when it comes to learning any language, but you should not practice too much, or else you will find that you also begin to forget what you have already learned. Overdoing the studying will simply add too much information to the brain, causing some of what was learned to be dumped to make space for the new information (this relates to short term and long term memory).

Sura ya 2

Njia za kujifunza lugha Kichina

Kama, kama wengine wengi, una alitaka kujifunza lugha ambayo ni ya pekee na hata mmoja wengi watu familiar na, kwa nini basi si kuzingatia kujifunza Kichina? Chini ya sisi kutoa kwa baadhi tips rahisi ambayo inaweza kukusaidia kujifunza lugha, ambayo ni muhimu katika inazidi kuwa ya kisasa maisha.
Kwanza, unahitaji kutazama njia bora kuliko yote, ya kufunzwa somo lolote. Je, wewe mtu ambaye kujifunza lugha bora wakati wao Rewrite maneno kwamba walisikiwa? Au je, wewe mtu ambaye hupata ni rahisi kujifunza lugha kwa rereading mambo zaidi na zaidi tena?
Ni wezekana kuona kuwa ni rahisi kujifunza lugha kama ukisema hayo kutoka kubwa sisi wenyewe, au kusikia mtu mwingine kusema ni kwa ajili yenu. Lakini kama huna uhakika, basi kujaribu kufanya mazoezi kila mbinu ambayo imekuwa zilizotajwa hapo juu, na hivi karibuni kutaona ni nini itakusaidia zaidi kukumbuka nini ni kujifunza kwa ufanisi zaidi. Kuandika tena kila kifungu au neno kwenye ukurasa wa kitabu itakuwa dhahiri msaada, kama hii ina maana kwamba una kitu kuwa unaweza rejea nyuma na kama una matatizo.
Ni muhimu pia kwamba kujifunza 4 toni za aina mbalimbali ambazo watu Kichina kutumia wakati kusema uongo. Kila toni kuwa chorwa juu ya neno ni hayo ili kuwapa aina tofauti ya matamshi. Toni ya kwanza katika lugha Kichina, watu kutumia ni ya juu lakini laini. Hii ina maana kwamba sauti ya kubaki laini na haipaswi ama kuongezeka au kuzamisha kwa njia yoyote ile.
Toni ya pili kwamba wametumizi katika Kichina ni toni kupanda, na sauti ya mtu anatakiwa kupanda wakati wanaponena.
Toni ya tatu katika Kichina hujulikana kama toni ya kushuka, na wakati neno imesemwa sauti lake kuenda juu kisha kuenda chini.
Ilhali toni nne hutumika wakati akizungumza Kichina ni tone kupungua. Wakati kutumika, hii inafanya kuwa sauti kiume zaidi.
Njia bora ya kujifunza sauti ya toni ni kwa njia ya kusikiliza msemaji wa kienyeji, kama ya watu wengi, hasa kupata wazo la nini wafanye sound kama tu kwa kusoma maandishi ni vigumu sana. Kuna njia mbalimbali ambazo unaweza kujifunza kuongea Kichina, na chini ni baadhi ya njia ambazo unaweza kutaka kujaribu.
1.
Ili kujifunza misemo zaidi, unapaswa kujaribu kupata umiliki wa nakala moja ya "How to learn Mandarin". Hii unaweza kufanya ama kwa njia ya urahisi Bookstore eneo lako, au katika intaneti kupitia kama "Amazon".
2.
Kupata umiliki wa baadhi ya CD ambayo unaweza kuendesha gari kisha kucheza wakati gari lako, au kufurahi wakati nyumbani.
3.
Kama unaweza, na Shule ya eneo lako au Chuo imetoa kozi, kisha kushiriki katika
kozi ya utangulizi ya kujifunza Kichina. Pengine hili ni moja ya njia bora ya kujiamini faida tu kwa maneno ya lugha, lakini pia kusaidia kuhakikisha kwamba kuyatamka maneno na toni na usahihi. Kwa kufanya kozi ya vile, mtu anaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kuwa na msingi imara kwa basi kujifunza lugha ya wenyewe.
4.
Njia nyingine ya kusaidia mwenyewe kwa kujifunza lugha kwa ufanisi zaidi ni kwa kutumia "flashcards", ambayo inaweza kusaidia sana. Hata hivyo, wakati kwa kutumia mfumo huu, ni muhimu pia mazoezi kila neno kwamba kujifunza kwa kutumia katika masentensi.
Wakati ni kweli inakuja kwa kujifunza lugha yoyote, na si tu Kichina, kuendelea ni muhimu. Sema umejifunza kitu fulani, basi unapaswa kuacha kusoma au kurudia yale ya kujifunza, vinginevyo utapata kwamba wewe kusahau hayo. Hakika vitendo ni muhimu kujizoeza kujifunza lugha yoyote, lakini si lazima mazoezi sana, au sivyo utapata kwamba wewe pia kuanza kusahau yale tayari kujifunza.
Kufanya mno ya kusoma mapenzi tu kuongeza habari sana na ubongo, na kusababisha baadhi ya nini kujifunza kwa kutupwa, kufanya nafasi ya taarifa ya mwezi (hii inahusiana na kumbukumbu ya muda mfupi na muda mrefu).
A man of many parts and most of them still in good working order.

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